Technological change and innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Technological change and innovation - Essay ExampleThis article examines how organizations can help further and leverage the use of technology and innovation.While it may be true that there is a proliferation of research and product development centers across the globe, these concentrate on optimizing technology which is readily accessible. Even those tagged as benchmarks of technological and innovative excellence, they argon inclined to using the technologies that are domestically available within the contribution in which they operate (Hunt & Morgan, 1995). Its is not frequent to see that innovative activities synthesize distinctive knowledge just about the world as potently as supply chains gather components from , raw materials, labor and services. In addition, the functional units which are accountable for innovation in majority of organizations are frequently poorly fit out to save on costs by availing knowledge from nonconventional, more cost-effective regions (Chesboroug h, 2003 Malecki, 1991).Despite this, there are exceptional organizations that have managed to establish innovative, integrated supply chain that are indeed global, permitting them to outperform their competitors by means of the prudent use of technological knowledge (Kotter & Heskett, 1992). They have been able to apply a process for innovating that goes beyond domestic clusters and national boundaries, becoming metanational innovators. This strategy of utilizing local technology, market intelligence, and capabilities has accorded them a potent contributor to competitive advantage more, higher value innovation that is also more cost-efficient (Chesborough, 2003).To get a clearer understanding of the benefits of metanational technology and innovation, one may evaluate the war between Motorola Inc. and Nokia Corp. in the cellular phone arena. Motorola was an declare pioneer in the industry, establishing a strong foundation through breakthrough research from Bell Laboratories. By u sing US technological

Information Security Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Information Security Management - Essay ExampleThere is a need for ensuring an appraisal of the operations of the information placement at Hewlett-Packard in a bid to unify an organized arrangement in the prevention of danger.In view of the rise in the level of an unsteady system within the operation systems of Hewlett Packard, there is a need to come up with various measures that place curb the danger that the company is exporting. In addition, there is also need for addressing the possibility of the occurrence of disasters exchangeable fire that may end up damaging property within the company.Presently, the operating system the round is using is susceptible to threats outside and within the company. There is need for a safe operating system that the staff uses in order to ensure confidentiality of information within the organization. This physical composition comes up with the appropriate recommendations that check to be considered to ensure safety of the entire operating s ystem.There were complaints raised regarding the access of computers without the knowledge of the users of the computers. The report looks at the provision of the use of passwords and various data storage devices within the organization.This research was conducted through investigating and filling of questionnaires by the staff members. A number of 250 questionnaires were distributed to the employees, and they were filled based on the scales that surround that security measure and confidentiality of the jobs that they do. The survey concentrated purely on the security of the work being done rather than the undivided details in the environment. The staff members who took part in the survey were volunteers and their details were anonymous.The management having been briefed of the challenges being set about within the firm, they decided to appoint a team of IT experts led by the IT systems administrator to look into the power and address the matter amicably before it got out of

International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 11

International Marketing - taste ExampleThe initial hypotheses all have a flaw in that they attempt to generalize without recognizing the conglomerate implications of the specifics of differing businesses. An example of how the differing products will have different results can be seen in the example of attempts by the Czechoslovakian and CEE automotive production companies when they experienced a collapse. The schema required that the quality of components be increased small-arm the costs of production be decreased in order to effectively compete in the West. bandage the outline worked sufficiently for some of the companies, specifically, it did not work for a truck manufacturer named Tatra (Pavlinek 2008, 232). There argon a variety of elements that are pertinent to the success of an export expansion strategy and to suggest that the strategy can be generalized creates a somewhat flawed premise.However, the results of the study disprove the first possible action in that the f irms using export expansion strategy do not differ in their take of exports. Therefore, the generalization that is made is revealed through analysis of the data to show that the idea of a broad logical argument about the strategies used by firms does not take into consideration the specific elements of a business that makes their strategizing unavoidably unique. In looking at the second hypothesis, a distinction is made between perceived ripening and actual growth, stating that the managers had a perception that they had better than average growth, while their statistical relevancy did not ineluctably reveal this to be true. The second hypothesis was also partially rejected because the data did not fend for its premise.The researchers do not reject the third hypothesis. They find an odd anomaly that top managers of the diversification strategy group perceived that their profitability exports was higher than their domestic sales, while other strategy

Buying the House in the Area of Northridge Essay

Buying the House in the Area of Northridge - Essay Exampleb) intimate Offenders There were ten sexual offenses recorded in recent days in various move of Northridge which can also be recognized as the neighborhood surface res publica of Rinaldi Street (Office of the Attorney General, In Violation).c) Density According to the Census 2000, the neighborhood area of the selected house/condo is populated with a total number of 28,049 people (U.S. Census Bureau, Fact Sheet). Thus, the area is not densely populated.d) local anesthetic School Ratings The selected area of Northridge encompasses with 14 preschools, 10 commonplace elementary, 3 public middles, 1 district, 1 public high, 1 public charter and 17 private schools (Great Schools Inc, Districts or Schools in Northridge). Few of the schools have been stratified as the top schools in the county while most of them are ranked as fairly upright between 1 to 6 out of 10 (Los Angeles Times, Northridge).e) Earthquake Fault Location The area of Northridge in Los Angeles region possesses a high risk of the earthquake from interruptions such as blind thrust fault and others. The selected area includes itself in the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zones (the State of California, Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone Maps).a) Zoning Regulations The selected area includes in the Restricted Density Multiple Dwelling Zone. According to the regulations prescribed the area is prohibited to be used for commercial purpose. The residents are also not allowed to have equine(s) in a lot area which is less than 20,000 square feet. Moreover, increasing the building over two stories is also prohibited. However, the selected condo includes itself in the RD2 order (American Legal Publishing Corporation, Municipal Code, Chapter I (Planning And Zoning Code).).

British Airways Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

British Airways - Essay shellThe company also improves its efficiency by lessening the day its pays off its suppliers and collects from its customers. An investor is most likely be attracted by the escalating share price of British Airways but be put off by the 0 dividend yield.Profitability proportionalitys measure the ability of the company to generate income from its investments less the lives incurred. The computed direct profit margin, which is the symmetry of operating income to sales measures as a percentage of sales, the excess revenue from sales over cost of normal operation excluding financing. Net profit margin, on the other hand, is the ratio of net income to sales. Return on common rightfulness (ROCE) is a variant of return on investment. The return on common equity assesses the rate of return on the investments of common stockholders in the company (Analyzing Company Reports 2005). Another ratio is the overthrow ratio which shows to what the extent the company us es its assets to produce revenue. Logically, higher profitability ratios indicate a healthier monetary condition. put off 1 shows the computed profitability ratios of British Airways in 2006. In order to fully asses the profitability of British Airways in 2006, the companys profitability ratios for 2005 are also included. ... During 2006, the air passage is able to turn 8.3% of its revenue in operating profit and 5.5% into net income from the 7.20% and 5.0% recorded in the previous year, respectively. It should be noted that operation in the airline industry requires incurring huge operating costs which could justify the relatively low percentages. However, compared to its competitors like Ryaniar Ltd and Thomsonfly Ltd, British Airways lags far behind.In term of asset turnover and return on equity, British Airways is in a downslide. It can be recalled that the main goal of a business arranging is the maximization of stockholder treasure which is reflected on its return on equit y. British Airways declining ROCE indicates its deviation from this goal. From the point of view of investors, British Airways appears to be average investment relative to its competitors. This is also true for creditors who look at the profitability of a business organisation to assess its paying capacity. For managers, this can signal the company to check its management of cost and other disbursements.fiscal Leverage RatiosFinancial leverage ratios provide an indication of the long-term solvency of the firm. They indicate the extent of non-owner claims on the firms kale as well as the firms operating capability to meet its obligation. Gearing is the long-term debt to equity ratio which assesses the balance between liabilities and equity in the firms long term resource structure. Another is the interest reportage ratio which measures the extent to which earnings cover the interest obligation of the company (Thomson 2002, p. C-6).Table 2Table 2 shows the financial leverage ratios which reveal the capital structure of British Airways. The debt-to-assets and debt-to-equity ratios

Needs & Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Needs & Motivation - demonstrate Examplesay will discuss the Maslows Hierarchy of needs theory and how it is applied in Southwest according to the People section of 2011 Southwest One Report.Maslow was and industrial psychologist who studied human behavior. He said that human needs can be arranged in a hierarchy as individuals progress from the lower level to the higher level needs. Individuals would be motivated to fulfill whichever needs were big to them at a given time. These needs include self-actualization needs, Ego/esteem needs, socio-affiliation needs, safety/security needs, and physiological needs (Lauby 1).The Southwest satisfies the physiological needs of their employees by putting them first and offering them an opportunity to keep an eye on good health. The need for safety and security is catered for by creating financial security for the employees. The socio-affiliation needs are taken care of by allowing employees to travel and socialize, have fun and stay connect ed. Making a positive deflexion caters for the ego and self-esteem needs of the employees. Self-actualization needs are met by allowing employees to learn and grow, create and innovate, and work steadfastly to achieve their goals. The Southwests way, of motivating employees, is a good one and if I were one of its employees I would be positively motivated to work harder. I would work to achieve both personal and organizational goals. Putting employees first is a good way of

Riyadh City Council, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Riyadh City Council, - screen ExampleFor instance, they extradite experienced problems with improving the methods for keeping up with rapid changes such as civilizational shifts or new lifestyles among community members (Al-Nuaim 2001). To consider services for health, safety, and security, housing plans, and preservation of the environment and historical sites has become a challenge for Riyadhs local administrators. Moreover, most often, the publics opinion on the policies use by the City Council as well as on the implementation of projects and activities, and the death penalty of the governing body, has created difficulties for mayors and the heartsease of the administration in developing their community (Al Riyadh 2004). Because of these, the Riyadh City Council has aimed to boost their performance by focusing on the cap skill of their workforce, enhancing their projects by being consistent with the communitys take aways, and providing their administration with the infallib le procedural and managerial specialisations. One weak point that the local city councils in Riyadh has exhibit is that they atomic number 18 not very capable of integrating various departments for planning and implementation, hence, reducing their likelihood for accomplishing of import goals. The Royal Decree No. 5 in Riyadh has mandated the division of municipalities and villages along with the regulations and functions that go with them. Although municipalities have been given administrative and financial autonomy with which authorities and obligations are extended, regional decentralization has not been in full achieved through the administrations actual performance. Moreover, mayors and deputy directors lack the proper guidance and follow-up measures in securing the coordination of administrative practices and activities, and maintaining a good level of performance and usage of performance circumspection approaches. The current study, thus, aims to answer the question Wha t are the strengths and weaknesses of the performance management system of Riyadh City Council? In relation, it aims to address the following objective 1. trace the strengths and weaknesses with regards to the performance management system in the Riyadh City Council. 2. Provide recommendations on the areas that need go on improvement in the performance management system of the Riyadh City Council. Review of Related publications Introduction The local and municipal government of Riyadh has aimed to improve and develop their local community by reaching out to the public as well as understanding and finding solutions to various problems. This ability occurs by allow ining the local administration to interact with the community which brings about the effective involvement of citizens in germane(predicate) activities, thereby increasing the likelihood for national participation in the development process. In order to allow such circumstances to occur, there is a need to look into ho w the Riyadh City Council sets their standards for performance management as well as the actions that they take to generate favorable outcomes. Performance Management An Overview The important need for implementing an effective and well-organized performance management system has significantly increased over the years. This has occurred due to the fact that performance management can not only enhance performance but the quality of a fellowship as well (Lawson, Stratton, and Hatch 2003). Without the necessary regarding the implementation of systems for performance management, organizations can experience inefficiency and decreased productivity, thus the need to further look into the components of successful performance management. The concept of performance management can be applied on the performance of either the organization as a whole or the respective(prenominal)

Media related report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media colligate report - Essay ExampleIn the medicinal drug industry generally, music companies offer various tending(p) details about the music album to the media in an effort to create curiosity as come up as anticipation. The artificer gives interviews to the media regarding the music album and stretch outs catchs onthe websitesso that the fans can listen to them and wait thirstily for the albums release on the due accompaniment. The producers used various sources of media for generating interestamongthe fans by fashioning announcements on their websites.For Diving Board, avenues such as concert venues regarding the status of continued postponement of the release date and its reasons was posted. The producers of the album initially announced that the artist was not happy with the songs andtracks,so he was writing new(a) tracksofthe music album.In this way, they succeeded to keep the music album in constant limelight forone course of instruction before its release and cr eateda lot ofspeculation everywhere.Finally, Sir Elton Johan gave an interview to Robert Copsey on Digitalspy.com andalsogave thema previewof the new album, The Diving Board on Jul 16, 2013 (Copsey, 2013). Healsotalked about the passionthroughouthis invigoration - music.The premier single of this album was released on June 24,2013,and the music album was availableatthe market for pre-order.Whenthe musicalbum was released in the market, various websites wrote reviews regarding this music album on their sites. Before the release, most of them wrote reviews regarding the Elton John locomote to his musical roots in 1970s and several reviewers were sceptical due to many postponements. After release of the album, the reviewer at curlicuestone.co.uk wrote on Sept 13, 2013 that this was a completely different musical style of the artist from the last album. He (Elton John) evoked the spirit of 1970s and reclaimed his legacy with which he made his name. Rolling Stones added that the work remindedthe

Crime show #5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Crime show 5 - Essay ExampleThe staffs were surprised by the drastic increase in the number of deaths in the hospital. The staffs carried out an investigation and eventually Majors was caught (Neer 211).Lynn was arrested and taken to coquette where he was convicted of six murders and sentenced to three hundred and sixty years in prison (Huffington Post Site). When Lynn was on the job(p) in the hospital the number of deaths increased four times every year (Neer 212). This made the government to suspect more than one hundred people could have been killed by Lynn (Alpers 312).Investigators think that Lynn even consoled the families of the victims subsequently they had died in a sick display of power (Huffington Post Site). It is ironical that Lynn Majors was one of the customary nurses among elderly patients in the hospital and yet killed the elderly (Neer 212). He also said that he was anatomy and tender but went ahead killing the elderly patients (Alpers 312).In conclusion, the story has moral lessons and teaching us about our daily lives. Before one is employed as a nurse for example, there is pick up get more information about the person. The credentials should be confirmed whether they are

Pros and Cons of ARNP Independent Practice Research Paper

Pros and Cons of ARNP Independent Practice - Research Paper case2012).Nursing practices play a decisive role in the professional field so that the health needs of the individuals get fulfilled effectively. The ARNP Independent Practice tends to influence the nursing practice in the motley of developing the nursing communities as per the desired level. Notably, this particular practice has a major influence on determining the combination of environmental health ideas and areas of varied nursing practices that significantly aid in decrease the gaps prevailing in the existing global healthcare system (Health Foundation Inc. 2012).In relation to the in a higher place context, certain advantages of a nurse practitioner owning a practice or ARNP Independent Practice acquire quite apparent. In this regard, one of such advantages includes providing the opportunity of specialization as well as maximize patients care. Apart from this, the other advantage of ARNP Independent Practice lays in enhancing the ability of the nurse practitioners towards focusing on different interest areas including alternative therapy and womens health among others. From the viewpoint of the nurse practitioners, it is worth mentioning that by do the job roles as an independent healthcare provider, such healthcare professionals will avail the opportunity to take in in a collaborative manner with different people. This might result in developing their skills of problem-solving, closure any sort of conflict, dealing with unnecessary changes and executing effective strategies towards establishing a beneficial practice (Barberio, 2010).On the other hand, certain disadvantages or barriers relating to a nurse practitioner owning a practice are overly quite apparent. In this regard, it can be apparently observed that experiencing excessive stress is one of the crucial factors, which restrict the nurse practitioners to own a practice,

Strategic Plan and Power Point (Community Coffee) Research Paper

Strategic Plan and Power Point (Community Coffee) - Research Paper ExampleIf the way we agnise the products entrust be unique, then it is likely to establish a presence in this competitive market. The neighboring simulated military operation will be making the products adopt to the market by ensuring we put into consideration the rules that dwell in our area of operation. From this, we will position our brands in much(prenominal) a manner that they can be explained as one big idea, hence leaving an impact to the mind of the consumers (Nieuwenhuizen, 2007). The final steps will be the maintenance of the brand by making sure the consumers never lose interest in it.The second objective in place is to make confederacy deep brown go national in the shortest period possible. This might seem as a drawback since it will stress financially, but it is a tactic of its own, and might prove to be rather successful. However, before the business evolves to be national, we must first tell t hat a good reputation has been built in the present area of operation. This will make it easier to beget the market as the business will have its own personality established.The third objective is self-propelled modes of service provision, depending on the area of operation. In areas that the customer is rather busy and have less time, community coffee will adopt on-the-go service provision, while a slower pace for the rural coffee shops that require a friendlier and slower pace for everyone there is community (Nieuwenhuizen, 2007).The first marketing method is by dint of the media. This involves both television and print media such as daily and weekly newspapers. Although they may be antiquated school methods, they are the most widely used and the most effective tool. On the television, an advertisement that salute the new range of products, and dynamic modes of operation.The second method will be through the use of websites such as those of social media. This is because they are the most accessed websites by both teenagers and adults. An

Early and silent cinema,cinema attractions Essay

earlier and silent cinema,cinema attractions - Essay ExampleThe reason for this choice is to show the gradual development of the filmy trends towards modernism. both(prenominal) the films being silent question pictures do not have any dialogue. So the actors dexterity is the primary(prenominal) thing, which made them successful.The Kiss was one of the most popular movies in its genre in the end of the nineteenth century. This film concentrated more on romance than anything else. It was a challenging job for the director William Heise to practice a romantic motion picture where dialogues were not possible to appear. Released in the year 1896, just as the name shows, this was the first film, which showed an onscreen caressing sequence. There were, however, alternative titles given to this film. They were like The Mary Irwin Kiss, The sift Irwin Kiss and The Widow Jones. All these titles were mainly used in the United States of America where the connoisseurs appreciated the film. gutter McNally was a playwright who had an earlier work called The Widow Jones. Now this was where the idea of The Kiss was made. The kissing tantrum is actually said to be the last of McNallys drama. This work of art is one of the first vaudeville theatre performances transformed into a film. There was no well-knitted plot in this film as such. All it involved was just a kiss. A couple kisses and this is where the film starts as well as it ends. Rice and Irwin were two popular stage personalities of the late 19th century and they were the only two people who performed in this movie. kissing on the screen was something, which raised a great hue and cry wherever it was released. Moreover, some viewing audience were also excited to see a couple kissing on each others lip as this was perhaps the first erotic approach made in the world of motion pictures. There were even some controversies regarding the sequence as it was taken to be pornographic as kissing was made public. (Hei se, 2008)Voyage travers limpossible, Le on the other hand, was a film which involved

Hormones on Sexual Arousal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hormones on Sexual Arousal - try ExampleIt is easiest to study male and female arousal in other primates because we bemuse great control (Carlson, 2002) .The ability to mate is not controlled by ovarian endocrine glands. A woman can feature intercourse at any time in her cycle. This makes it difficult to know exactly how much crop ovarian hormones have on arousal. Most studies show that these hormones have only a minimal number on female arousal. It should be noted that these studies have been done on wed women who are with their accessory daily. It should be considered that a woman may take part in intercourse because of her husbands desire. Studies of female monkeys have shown that the menstrual cycle does have a strong effect on female arousal (Wallen, 2003).Studies of married women show that these females were, when tested through their entire cycle, more aroused when their testosterone levels were at their exaltedest. When the adrenal glands, the gland that produces an drogens, are removed from female monkeys the sexual drive of the money was greatly reduced. Adding testosterone reinstituted sexual arousal. Oxyctocin levels in any case seem to rear a role in arousal. Higher levels start contractions of the uterus and the vagina that accompanies orgasm. It is likely that the pleasant afterglow that follows intercourse is also due to oxyctocin (Wallen, 2003).Pheromones are generally odors that are generally received through the olfactory portion of the whiz but can also be absorbed through the skin. These pheromones tend to enhance hormone turnout in the female including oxyctocin. That would give a second explanation as to why touch enhances hormone production. There is also evidence that vision influences the production of oxyctocin (Wallen, 2003). Researchers are beginning to believe it is the combination of high testosterone levels and high oxyctocin levels that motivates female arousal. If both

Healthcare Right Or Privilege Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

health bang Right Or Privilege - Essay ExampleIf the concept of healthcare is deemed as a even up, healthcare as a prerogative becomes self-evident and contradictory with the definition of right itself. Those, who are willing to deliberate that healthcare is a right, simultaneously propose a bunch of policies that ultimately turns healthcare as privilege. In this regard, Brian T. Schwarz (2008) says, Ironically, those who claim health care is a right and not a privilege support policies that trade name it a privilege (p.1). Even both theoretically and ethically healthcare as a privilege are more reasoning than it as a right. Since philosophically the definition of right pivots on the commonness of the individuals ability to do and to have anything that sustains them both physically and mentally, the concept of healthcare as a right requires some additional attributes. Healthcare is a Product produced by those in this Field In the world-class place, healthcare as a right asser ts that one has the right to take care of ones health to avail themselves of the available healthcare picks. Also the basic concept of right ensures that ones right essential not be entitled to what former(a)s produce without their consents. That is, ones right must not harm others right. In the following lines MA Faria (1997) delineates what natural right is and what a states role in preserving it is Natural rights embody the concept of individual autonomy and negative rights that are unassignable and inherent to human beings. Natural rights..like human rights can be exercised by all individuals simultaneously without infringing and trampling on the rights of others. (p.98) If analyzed deeply, it will be evident that healthcare consists of diagnoses and treatments by highly-trained medical exam professionals. It involves sophisticated products, instruments, and tests knowing and developed at great investment, effort, and cost by scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs. That is, people produce health care (Schwarz, 2008, p. 2). The normal of healthcare market in the USA has flourished to the stage at which the status of healthcare as a product has been rather boosted up by the mode the production of healthcare service. On one hand, the US healthcare industry has excelled both qualitatively and quantitatively in the past few decades. On the other hand, healthcare-cost has increased many times, as it is said in an article, According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Americans worn-out(a) $1.3 trillion, or 13.2 percent of the gross domestic product, on health care in 2000. Since the mid-1960s, health care costs have increased at double-digit levels, far exceeding the rate of inflation. (Barlett & James, 2006, p. 34) In the face of the change magnitude cost of medical-care in the private, the Health Saving Account was started as a tax advantaged medical nest egg account in 2003. Health saving account (HSA) is an investment in individu al health an option differentiated from health insurance cover. In this account the patient deposits savings in order to fee for their health care needs. This account allows people to pay for current health expenses and save for future medical and retiree health expenses on a tax-free basis. The goal of these

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

History - Essay Example1). The term Black Death can refer to either the pulmonary aversion or the bubonic plague. The pneumonic plague is the deadlier of the two diseases killing its victims is two to three days (Spielvogel, 2003, p. 275). It was strongest in the larger cities because of the dense states that lived there and the less sanitary conditions that could be maintained in these urban areas. The plague would visit an area, last for about a year, kill about one-third of the population, and move on. close historians believe that between 1347 and 1351, at least one-third of Europes total human population (20 to 30 million people) died (Piccolo, 2004). Deaths alone were not the only by-product of the horror, though. The way the church handled the crisis and the large publication of deaths that took place affected the economic, social and political landscape of this large region of the world. The first outbreak of the plague was strongest in the poorer sections of the city because these people were more likely to live in unsanitary conditions and had limited authority by which to protect their health. Modern science is able to confirm the Plague was spread by the reveal flea who took the disease from the rat and spread it to the human population, so areas that were infested with rats were among the first to show symptoms (Gottfried, 1983). ... Frightened churchmen shut up their churches and fled to the country as did many people in the secular world (Luftus et al, 1999). Because of their ineffectiveness in the crisis, the church lost a great deal of its authority and leadership and the people began to question whether it should ever digest held that position. Many people assumed God was angry with them and much more penitent and harsh apparitional practices were developed to appease Gods wrath through sacrifice. Economic conditions changed dramatically as competitors from some other countries entered the market through the development of the gui lds. The guilds changed economic conditions for individual citizens and introduced another means by which cities and towns might be run. The effects of regression on rural economy were far-reaching. Labour was scarce and wages rose rapidly. In England and in Castile and elsewhere legislation was attempted to fix wages, alone without success (Nohl, 1926, p. 20). Workers, especially peasants who were finally qualification a decent wage, rebelled violently to suggested pay reductions and though the intent was sound, its affects were disastrous. At the same time that the Plague was decimating the population, the faith in the One Religion and changing the economic base of entire nations, the Catholic perform was engaged in an all-out war on itself. Pope Clement V declined to move to capital of Italy when he was appointed in 1305 and moved the papacy to Avignon supposedly because of civil unrest in Rome, but more likely so he would be closer to the French monarchy he served (Menache, 2 002). By 1378, this had amaze a problem. After struggling against a highly suspicious and

New and Improved Rewards at Work Research Paper - 2

New and Improved Rewards at Work - Research Paper ExampleThe most important goal for an employment compensation dodging is to offer better rewards for right employee actions for success of the company. In order to make competitive compensation packages for employees, companies look at to consider what their rivals are offering so that they do not end up running into losings by offering more than the equilibrium package in the industry or offering little than the minimum, because this will make it impossible for them to recruit and retain staff.Best packages are sometimes those that are preferred by employees while at the same time appear to be competitive in the busy industry. One advantage with compensation schemes is that they are able to underpin organizational culture, something that is senior highly desired by companies. The government governs every aspect of employee compensation within the public sector. In many instances, this leaves no fashion for innovative conceits towards formulation of important compensations schemes. Companies that are highly innovative in engaging their employees record high returns that are sometimes double those of rival companies which do not engage their employees adequately (Pollitt, 2081)The first course to creatively engage your skilful employees is by putting them in a position where they can redeem direct contact with consumers of their products. In many industries, employees design products and dispatch them for sale, yet they have no idea about the impact of the products on the lives of their end users (Grant, 2007 Grant, 2008). A good example is the automotive industry where automotive engineers design cars of all kinds worldwide but they never gets the chance to have direct feedback from drivers of the cars, authors as rise compose many pieces of literature to millions of faceless readers but never meets them for feedback.Meeting end users as a product developer has been known to enhance prosocial motivat ion as well

Language, Identity and Cultural Difference Essay Example for Free

Language, Identity and heathen Difference EssayAccording to Hall (1997a), enunciation theories suggest that even though we may shed of ourselves from our experiences, the person who speaks and the subject being spoken of be never identical. Identity in this regard is to be conceived as a production which is never complete- always in process, and always constituted within, not outside, commission- (Hall, 1997a) as opposed to quite a littleing it as a complete fact which is then represented by the new ethnical practices. However, this diorama shakes the legitimacy and authority upon which the term ethnical individuation bases its claim. There are two ways in which cultural identicalness domiciliate be thought of. The first view sees it in terms of a single shared burnish, some kind of a collective maven true self that is hiding inside many some other more artificially imposed selves that pot with a shared floor and ancestry hold in common (Hall, 1997b). Within this v iew of description of cultural identity, our cultural identities mirrors those historical experiences that we hold in common and the shared cultural codes which offer us as a people, a stable, immutable and continuous frames of link upence and meat, under the shifting classes and fluctuations of our actual history (Hall, 1997a).Singapore was envisi singled by her leaders as a multiethnic society in which the fragment ethnic groups shared participation in common institutions while at the same time retaining their distinguishable languages, customs and religions. The ethnic categories represented self-evident, natural groups that would continue their existence into the indefinite incoming. Singaporean identity then implies being an Indian, a Chinese, or a Malay but in relation to other groups. This cast of ethnicity demands the denial of important internal variations for each ethnic group and the recognition of differences in the midst of the categories (Tsui Tollefson, 2007 ).The second view of cultural identity recognizes that there are similarities and important differences which make up what we really are. We cannot persistently refer with exactness to one experience and one identity without recognizing the other dimension. This other dimension represents the rifts and discontinuities that comprise cultural uniqueness.In this second sense, cultural identity is viewed as an issue of both becoming and being, something that belongs to the future as much as it belongs to the past. Cultural identities in this regard have histories and there bow changes constantly. In other words, cultural identities are subject to the uninterrupted play of history, finishing and power (Hall, 1997a). Identity is the name attached to the different ways we are placed, and put ourselves within the tale of the past.This second conception of cultural identity is more disturbing and less familiar. How can the formation of identity be understood if does not operate from a str aight line or a fixed origin? The Singaporean identity can be thought of as composed of two vectors that operate simultaneously. These are the vectors of rift and difference, and similarity and continuity.The Singaporean identity can be seen with regard to the relationship between the two vectors. Similarity and continuity brings to fore the realization that it is the experience of fundamental discontinuity that the Indians, Malays and Chinese share and among these are immigration, colonization and Asian origin. It is therefore elicit to look at how the concept of identity, language and cultural differences were created and how these concepts are related within the context of Singapore. The epitome herein presented will be based in Halls view of the link between language, identity and cultural difference.Relationship between Language, Identity and Cultural DifferenceThe relationship between language, culture and identity has emerged to be a hotly contested topic in social sciences . The questions that mainly turn up concern the apparent difference between cultural and ethnic identity. Are these types of identities similar or should they be differentiated conceptually. Various scholars hold varying views on the role of language in the definition of ones identity. A major question that one may be compelled to ask is whether a culture or ethnic group can be considered to be unique if it does not have its witness language or in the least its own rendition of a common tongue.Cultural identity is universal whether it is expressed with regard to humanity or otherwise since people from every part of the beingness are conscious of some kind of specificity that sets them apart from others. In contrast, ethnic identity only shape up to take place within complex societies when it seems functional to separate individuals into categories founded upon something other than age, gender or occupation. Ethnicity is associated with cultural identity since one must make refer ence to cultural, linguistic or religious particularities in point to categorize individuals.According to Hall (1997b), culture is produced by representation. Culture concerns shared meaning and the medium through and through with(predicate) which we make sense out of things is through the use of language. It is through language that meaning is produced and exchanged. The only instrument of sharing meaning is through a common access to language. In this regard, language is fundamental to meaning and culture and has always been conceived as the major bank of cultural values and meanings.However, one may be compelled to ask how meaning is constructed through language. According to Hall (1997b), language constructs meaning via its operation as a representational system. Language is one of the mechanisms through which ideas, thoughts and feelings are represented in culture. In this regard, representation through language is fundamental to the processes through which meaning is produc ed.Our sense of identity is derived from meaning and therefore meaning is cogitate with questions about how we use culture to define and maintain identity and difference within and between groups. In every social and personal relationship in which we participate, meaning is constantly being produced. Meaning is overly produced through our expression in and consumption of relevant cultural materials.Our conducts and practices are also regulated and nonionized by meaning which help in the setting of rules, norms and conventions upon which social life is ordered and governed. The question of identity therefore emerges in relation to various other divergent moments or practices within the cultural circuits in our construction of identity and the defining of difference, in the production and consumption and in the regulation of social conduct. In all these instances, language is one of the most important medium through which we produce and circulate meaning.

Large-scale energy and metallurgy Essay Example for Free

large energy and metallurgy Essayindustrialisation (or industrialization) is the period of social and frugal change that transforms a human free radical from an agrarian society into an industrial one.It is a part of a wider modernisation process, where social change and economic development are closely related with technological innovation, particularly with the development of large-scale energy and metallurgy production. It is the colossal organisation of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.2Industrialisation also introduces a form of philosophical change where mountain obtain a different attitude towards their perception of nature, and a sociological process of ubiquitous rationalisation. at that place is considerable literature on the factors facilitating industrial modernisation and enterprise development.3 Key positive factors identified by researchers have ranged from favourable political-legal environments for persistence and commerce, through abundant natu ral resources of various kinds, to plentiful supplies of relatively low-cost, competent and adaptable labour.As industrial workers incomes rise, markets for consumer goods and serve ups of all kinds tend to expand and provide a tho stimulus to industrial investment and economic growth. The first country to industrialise was the United Kingdom during the Industrial Revolution, commencing in the 18th century.4 By the end of the 20th century, East Asia had become one of the most of late industrialised regions of the world.5 Contents hide1 Description2 History of industrialisation2.1 Industrial revolution in Europe2.2 Early industrialisation in other countries2.3 The Third World2.4 Petrol-producing countries2.5 Industrialisation in Asia2.6 impertinently industrialised countries3 Social consequences3.1 Urbanisation3.2 Exploitation3.3 Change to family structure4 Current fleck5 See also6 References7 Further readingDescriptioneditAccording to the original sector-classification real b y Jean Fourasti (1907-1990), an economy consists of a primary sector of commodity production (farming, livestock breeding, maturation of mineral resources) a secondary sector of manufacturing and processing (as paid work) a tertiary sector of service industriesHistorically, the industrialisation process involves the expansion of the secondary sector in an economy originally dominated by primary-sector activities. The first transformation to an industrial economy from an agricultural one, known as the Industrial Revolution, took place from the mid-18th to earlyish 19th century in certain areas in Europe and North America starting in Great Britain, followed by Belgium, Germany, and France.Later commentators have called this the first industrial revolution.46 The Second Industrial Revolution labels the subsequently changes that came about in the mid-19th century after the refinement of the steam engine, the invention of the internal combustion engine, the harnessing of electrical en ergy and the construction of canals, railways and electric-power lines.The invention of the assembly line gave this phase a boost.789 The lack of an industrial sector in a country can slow growth in the countrys economy and power, so governments often foster or enforce industrialisation. On the other hand, the presence of industry in a country does not mean in general that it will bring wealth and prosperity to the people of that country. And third, the presence of an industry in one country can make it more difficult for other countries to develop the equal type of industry.This can be seen in the computer software and internet industries. Started from the US around the nineties these industries seemed to spread over the world. But after a period of monopolisation less than a cristal long, the globally-leading companies remain concentrated in the US.citation needed Their economic power and capacity to dominate the media work against the developing of the kindred types of indus try in other states. History of industrialisationedit

Personal Protective Equipment in Safety and Health Essay Example for Free

Personal Protective Equipment in prophylactic and Health EssayThis involves imposing a barrier (physical barrier or distance) between the hazard and the thespian. local anesthetic and General Ventilation is apply to dilute or divert poisonous pollutions from the workers. ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL base hit operating procedures (SOP), Shift work and training of workers can reduce the risk to the workers handling chemicals. PERSONAL aegis EQUIPMENT If it is not possible to reduce chemical hazards to an acceptable level, by either elimination or guarding/isolation, the worker should be given certain protective equipment to prevent contact of the hazards with the body. This equipment forms a barrier between the toxic and the route of entry. Failure of equipment means immediate exposure to the hazard. Thus, personal protective equipment should not be regarded as a primary means to control hazards but rather as a supplement to an new(prenominal)(prenominal) compositors cases of con trol measure. Injury willing occur if hazards come into contact with our body, the degree of injury ar depends on the magnititute of hazards and susceptibility of person.Protective clothing, gloves, apron, goggles and shoes project to prevent absorption of chemical splash to the scrape up ? Safety helmet-to prevent from the sharp object falling on the head The effectiveness and efficiency of auspices depends on proper use, tutelage and replacement of the PPE. If the PPE not used properly it can be more than dangerous than not using as the worker would think that he is protected but in actual practice he is not protected.Factor to consider in the selection of PPE PPE should be carefully selected. The following criteria should be met when choosing PPE Give adequate vindication against the specific hazard i. e right event and model ? Fit , minimum weight cause minimum discomfort and , if with attachment , it should be substantially fitted and removed. ?Not restrict movement or sensory perception essential to the job ? Be considerably worn and the eight to be supported by body ?Be durable and harmonious to the wear1s culture and religion ? Not introduce additional hazards ?Be made to acceptable standards ?Be maintenance fee if possible, if maintenance is required , should be easily maintained ? Be replaced when necessaryUsed of respirators will prevent the entry of chemicals into the body by inhalation It is frequently used in industry where other forms of control are not practicable Type of respiratory safeguard Are basically design to give protection against one or more of the following . Contaminants in particulate forms Contaminants in vaporized forms Deficiency of oxygen With Full face up mask or Half face mask powered gentle wind is drawn with by a fan Non powered appearance is drawn through by wearer inhalation Particulate filter come in various classes depending on their filtering efficiency.Gas filters are available for specific gas es (e. g organic vapours, hydrogen, cyanide) Supplied air respirators (SARS) ?The air is supplied is not pressurized. It can be supplied by use of a fan , compressed air source or wearer inhalation. . ?The air supplied is pressurized and comes from a compressor or gas cylinder via an air line . Pressure is reduced prior to entering the respirator. ?The air is supplied from cylinders strapped to the wearers back Suppliers air respirators can have a negative pressure inside the face peck or a positive pressure.The positive types give a significantly higher evel of protection . dogging flow types are also available for use with hoods. Protection factors This is a measure of the level of protection given by a respirator is defined as the ratio between the concentration of contaminant outside the respirator and the concentration inside the respirator(i. e the air breathed) Protection factor = ambient air concentration Concentration inhaled inside respirator For air purifying respirator it depends on the type of face mask and the efficiency of the filter. A full mask provide a higher level of protection than a half mask.For supplied air respirator it depends on pressure inside the mask(as well as the type of mask) . The protection factor is a major consideration when selecting a respirator. Selection of respirators depends on- The contaminant line of work Operator The contaminant i. The character ,toxicity, physical form and concentration the contaminant, whether particulate gas vapour or combination of both ii. whether failure of the device can result in a situation which is presently dangerous to life and health. iii. The need to wear other personal protective equipment eg.Eye or jumble protection to protect against irritants. iv. The adequacy of warning given by the contaminant v. The possibility of the contaminated asynchronous transfer mode being flammable. Task. i. whether the device is for regular use for emergency or rescue purposes. ii. The probable length of sentence during which the wearer will be in the contaminated atmosphere. iii. The expected level of activity and mobility required of the wearer. iv. The access to and nature of the working environment and its location with respect to a source of air suitable for breathing. v.Vision and parley requirements. vi. Maintenance requirement. Operator factor Basic physiology Facial fit User acceptance Fit scrutiny is an important part of the selection process, particularly when the respirator design relies on a good mold. A range of respirators may need to be tried to fit individuals with different facial characteristics. Facial air can also reduce the effectiveness of seal significantly. Recognised test methods are available for initial fit testing. These are to design to detect or measure the amount of leakage around the seal of the respirator.Fit testing must be carried out when first issuing a respirator to a worker. Crude test (such as covering the openings and taking a vigorous breath) can be used in the field to temper fit. Maintenance and storage All respirator (other than disposable types) need clean , maintenance and storage. Inhalation and exhalation valves need checking and replacement as do straps. Seals need to be disinfected , cleaned and check for damage.

English Technology Essay Essay Example for Free

English Technology Essay EssayThe amazing function about cell phones is that they ar no longer just applyd for pealing or texting. They rich person become an indispensable multi-tool wonder. Todays cell phone is cutting-edge technology at your fingertips. With this in mind, should students be permitted to usage cell phones in school? I believe they should not just be permitted to use cell phones they should be required to use them. Cell phones dont just relinquish students to stay connected with family and friends, they are also an excellent learning resource, and they encourage the responsible use of technology. To puzzle with, cell phones make it possible for students to stay in touch with family and friends. A student nooky c only home and ask a family member to bring them a forgotten assignment or luncheon money or to come pick them up if they are sick. Also, cell phones allow parents to keep come home of their childrens whereabouts before, during, and after school. And, of course, theres al personal manners the possibility of a student needing to contact a parent because of a dangerous situation.Thus, having a cell phone is like having a guardian angel. Students fanny also connect with friends, but not just because its a fun thing to do A teacher bunghole ask to text or email friends when they are absent to let them know whats going on in class and to inform them of any homework. When used responsibly, a cell phone can be an excellent communication tool. Also, cell phones especially smart phones are a great learning resource. Students can use tools such as the calculator, a map keyer, and the calendar.You can use cell phones for all classes to keep track of homework. Instead of having to go to the computer lab teachers can let students use their smart phones to do research when doing group work, or working on a project. For example, if you have to study for ecology you can research on local jobs having to do with protecting the environme nt right from your classroom seat. Plus there are lots of great learning websites including essay-writing websites we can use to supplement the learning in classes like English.Cell phones are a quick and easy way to incorporate technology in the classroom. Finally, cell phones encourage the responsible use of technology. Students can learn when and how to use their cell phones to enhance their learning. They willing become more independent in their work and more do to learn. Students like being allowed to make choices, and they understand consequences. If a student is texting when he/she should be paying financial aid to the teacher, the teacher should take the cell phone temporarily away.No big deal. Before a test, all cell phones should be placed on the teachers desk with no problems. By allowing the uses of cell phones, students will feel like they are being treated like responsible young adults, and they will lever that. If teachers are patient, understanding, and consist ent, students will surely become responsible users of technology in schools. In conclusion, people who rebut the use of cell phones in school do it because of the disruptions and distractions cell phones can cause.But we must play that we live in a world of technology and that cell phones are an important and very efficacious part of that world. We miss out if we fail to take advantage of the educational power of the cell phone. completely in all, cell phones improve communication, provide learning resources, and encourage appropriate use of technology. Teachers and administrators must find ways to incorporate this excellent multi-tool in our schools. As youve learned from this essay, its really not that difficult. allows make the most of the day and age we are living in.

Scarecrows Pythagorean Theorem Essay Example for Free

Scarecrows Pythagorean Theorem EssayThe Pythagorean theorem is one of the earliest theorems known to ancient civilization. The well-known theorem is named subsequently the Greek mathematician and philosopher, Pythagoras. In the Wizard of Oz, after the Scarecrow gets a consciousness, he states the Pythagorean theorem. However, he mistakenly says it applies to an isosceles trilateral when it applies to a reform triplicity. He not only says the wrong triangle, he also gets the equating wrong. The Scarecrow says, The sum of the unbent informant of devil sides of an isosceles triangle is equal to the square root of the third side. The correct equation for the Pythagorean theorem is, The sum of the squares of the two legs of a rightfield triangle is equal to the square of the hypotenuse. The isosceles triangle is a triangle with at least two equal sides it also has two equal angles.The Pythagorean theorem is a statement about triangles containing a right angle. A right triangl e is a triangle with a ninety-degree angle. With the Pythagorean theorem, you take a triangle with a right angle and make a square on each of the three sides the biggest square has the exact same area as the two other squares put together. A square root of a number is a value that mass be multiplied by itself to give the original number. Here is an example of a square root the square root of nine is three because when three is multiplied by itself you get nine. To square a number, you justmultiply it by itself, as in the Pythagorean theorem. You can also square forbid numbers, when you square a negative number you get a positive answer.Although the Scarecrow got a brain from the wizard, he didnt necessarily get the knowledge of having a brain. He messed up the Pythagorean theorem septuple times. He said that it had to do with square roots and isosceles triangles when the correct equation has to do with right triangles and the sum of the squares.Referenceshttp//jwilson.coe.uga.edu /emt669/student.folders/morris.stephanie/emt.669/essay.1/pythagorean.html http//www.moviemistakes.com/film1418/corrections/page4http//www.mathsisfun.com/square-root.html

There Is Still Time To Save Revolution Essay Example for Free

There Is Still Time To Save Revolution EssayIt has been the scientists consensus the mankind is undoubtedly heating (Pew Center). Thorough researches fork up proven that this warming is primarily the result of emissions of carbon dioxide and separate greenho apply gases. The Intergovernmental gore for Climate Change (IPCC), in its February 02, 2007 report has found a strong sustain to of these emissions on human activities which include industrial processes, fossil fuel combustion, and changes in land use. The report advertise said that the world sh every last(predicate) experience an increase in temperature for about 2. 5F to 10.4F by 2100 if the current emission trends continue. The honourable news however is, the scientists believe that there is still snip to softened global warming and to lessen many of its most severe consequences if we act quickly. Since it is primarily the human beings who be held responsible for global warming, the future of the worlds tempera ture is in our hands. Greenhouse gases like Carbon Dioxide, methane, halocarbons and tropospheric O3 come from burning of fossil fuels, landfills and CFCs (D. Carpenter). From here, we laughingstock clearly see what we can do. Carbon dioxide makes up 60% of the core amount greenhouse gases and it primarily comes from the combustion of fossil fuels. If this is the case, an individual can contribute to the worlds effort of reducing carbon dioxide emission by reducing the usage of cars. Transportation has been the major stock of this emission so by reducing car usage, we can reduce carbon dioxide emission. Walking to deform short distance destinations is one good step. The use of bikes, as that of Vietnam is in any case a good thing. Anyway, it is a good form of exercise.As ordinary citizens, we all the power to elect able lawmakers who would be concern enough with the environment and the human health. As with nitrous oxide emission, we can do something with the reduction of use of pan off incineration as its major source. Simple means of devastate segregation and composting are of good contribution. Proper waste disposal can reduce the use of garbage incinerations.Recycling and reuse are also good steps. Let us reduce the use of disposable plastic containers because burning of plastics contributes to the emission of greenhouse gases. If we can reuse these plastic containers, so we can consequently reduce the amount of plastics to be burned. We can use paper bags instead of plastic containers in our daily routine. If we can reduce the use of fertilizers as enhancers to our mini orchidarium and gardens, then it will be of great help. We can also contribute with the reduction of Chloroflourocarbons (CFCs) and other Halocarbons. At home, we can reduce the use of artificial products that uses refrigerant and propellants as that of aerosol cans. There are already products available in the markets which are pissing-based. Of course, air conditioners and refri gerators pretend been our buddies at home and in the office.They are almost in everyones house. If we can get rid of using them, we can probably choose the products or brands that make use of lesser amount of CFCs. We almost all have our television sets, the access to meshwork and the daily papers. We can learn from these media on how to choose products that are environment-friendly. Primarily, we should be one who are to be environment-friendly because it is us who have the ability to think and feel and to distinguish friendly ones from that of the harmful stuffs. There is also a direct correlation between global warming and deforestation (T. Socha). Research also shows that filiation in forest cover adds up to 20% of greenhouse gases buildup. It means the lack of shaded areas has allowed higher coat temperatures. Because trees are natural consumers of carbon dioxide and in turn a natural source of oxygen, their presence in the environment is vital. With lesser trees, there wi ll be lesser consumers of carbon dioxide and consequently will drive to more emissions. Though it is a fact that it takes years before a tree is full grown, it does not necessarily mean that our hope of reducing the effects of global warming is gone forever. We still have the chance of planting more trees.Of course, it will be impossible to reconvert deforested areas that have already been converted to industrial areas. But we still have acres and acres of land that we can utilize as vegetation areas. There is no better cartridge clip to start planting than now. Now is the right time to help in tree-planting projects that are sponsored by the government and even non-government organizations. Let us start out time to participate in these activities. If time is what we lack, we have the opportunity to share our financial resources to support such projects. Moreover, we have current policies as with the routine harvest of trees.What we can best do is to adhere with government polici es concerning the environment. If we find violations, we all have the media to coordinate with authorities. If we are financially capable enough to play golf or to operate golf courses, then it is our responsibility to re-consider its unhealthy effects in the environment. The operation of golf courses requires deforestation, then the use of vast amount of fertilizers in the maintenance of the grass areas. Voluminous water used to water the grass areas run through areas with the pollutants that is contained in the fertilizers. In general, a golf course is environmentally unhealthy.For all these facts, we can see that even ordinary citizens have the power to reduce the impact of global warming by the reduction of the usage of products that are the main sources of greenhouse emissions. We dont need to be lawmakers and scientists or even be in the government seats in order to help. Even in our daily routine, we all have the chance to make this world a better place to stick out in.WORKS CITEDCarpenter, David. wellness personal effects of Global warm up Institute of health and the Environment University. AlbanySocha, Thomas. The voltage effect of Global Warming Retrieved on April 13, 2007 from http//www.cato.org/pubs/books/climate/069-88.pdfGlobal Warming Basics Retrieved on April 13, 2007 from http//www.pewclimate.org/global-warming-basicsIntergovernmental embellish on Climate Change (1990). Working Group II. Potential Impacts of Climate Change. 6-3,6-4,6-9.BIBLIOGRAPHYCarpenter, David. Health Effects of Global Warming Institute of Health and the Environment University. AlbanyCross, Eleanor and Kenneth Hyams. The Potential Effect of Global Warming on the Geographic and Seasonal Distribution of Phlebotomus Papatasi in Southwest Asia. The Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 104. July 1996. pp. 724-727Gorman, Christine. How It Affects Your Health Time Magazine. March 26, 2006. Retrieved on April 13, 2007 from http//www.time/magazine/article/0,9171,1177002,00 .htmlLashof, D. (1989). The Dynamic Greenhouse Feedback Processes that may Influence coming(prenominal) Contractions of Atmospheric Trace Gases an Climatic Change. pp. 213Moore, Curtis (1997) Warming up to Hot New show up International Wildlife. Vol. 27. pp24-27Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (1990) Working Group II. Potential Impacts of Climate Change pp. 6-9Patz, Jonathan. Alarming Health Effects of Global Warming Medical News Today. November 19, 2005. Retrieved on April 13, 2007 from http//www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=33768Rauber, Paul (1997). Heat Wave If WE pertain to Ignore the Danger Signs, the World of the Future will be Hotter, Poorer, Deadlier Place Heres What It readiness Look Like. Vol. 82. pg. 34-38Socha, Thomas. The Potential Effects of Global Warming Retrieved on April 13, 2007 from http//www.cato.org/pubs/books/climate/069-88.pdfThompson, Dick (1997). Climate extend Away Future the Ice Caps are shrinking Time International. Vol. 11. p. 38West, Larry. Global Warming is unbeatable and Humans are to Blame, says UN Report Retrieved on April 17, 2007 from http//environment.about.com/od/globalwarming/a/ipcc_report.htmCooler Heads Coalition. Potential Health Effects of Global Warming Urban Heat in Atlanta CBS Climate Hype April 20, 2000. Retrieved on April 13, 2007 from http//www.globalwarming.org/article.php?=225 case Resources Defense Council. Consequences of Global Warming Retrieved on April 13, 2007 from http//www.nrdc.org/globalWarming/fcons.aspU.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Global Warming-Impacts Retrieved on April 13, 2007 from http//yoshemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/ImpactsHealth.htmlStrongest Evidence Yet of Human Link to Global Warming, Expert Says The Science Daily. February 5, 2007. Retrieved on April 17, 2007 from http//www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/02/2070204111643.htm

Slow Movement from Haydns Emperor Quartet Essay Example for Free

Slow suit from Haydns Emperor Quartet EssayThe slow movement from Haydns Emperor Quartet is said to be ace of Haydns greatest works. He uses a simple yet classic stock throughout his piece that is the inherent feature of this movement. The cable is in the form AABCC but the movement itself is in the style of theme and noveltys. The medicament in the movement is played sweetly (dolce) and is in cut time.The Introduction to Haydns Emperor Quartet is in GM and has the fiddle 1 playing the melody. The cello and the Viola earn similar rhythmic part that are playing important harmonies to the violin 1 part. The second violin is harmonizing the melody.Variation 1 is a duet between the two violins where the cello and the viola do not play. violin 2 has the melody throughout the variation. Violin 1 is playing sets of semiquavers which give the different harmonies in this variation. Most of the notes in the violin 1 part are in intervals of 3rds and 5ths or are in scale order. Th is variation is forever soft (sempre piano).In the next variation the bass instrument of the quartet has the melody (the cello). The violin 1 plays on the off beats for most of the variation with groups of semiquavers filled in as a petty counter melody. Violin 2 is harmonizing between the melody and the violin 1 part. The viola is playing massive notes every so often emphasizing the melody. Variation 2 is quite heavy and dense in harmonies and instruments in contrast to the first variation which was quite light.In variation 3 the viola has the melody. passim this variation there are mostly three instruments playing at one time. The instrument that do not have the melody come in and out though the piece. Violin 1 comes in with the viola at the beginning and has a similar line to its part in variation 2. Violin 2 comes in at bar 3 with syncopated notes and past goes into a small melody of its own. The cello do not come in till about halfway through thevariation where it plays a simple harmonic rhythm.Variation 4 is similar to the introduction in that the violin 1 has the melody again but Haydn has make it different by changing the other parts. Also in bar 5 the melody moves an octave higher to what it was in the introduction. The other three parts have similar rhythmic lines. The start of the variation has mostly crotchets and minims but in bar 10 Haydn has made use of quavers till the end of the piece. The cello changes clef in bars 7 to 14 to an alto clef then back to a bass clef. The three parts having the similar rhythmic lines helps creates a thick metric grain of harmonies. The ending bars draw a closure to the movement with the long cadence ending softly.

Keeping Up with the Joneses Essay Example for Free

Keeping Up with the Joneses examineSociety has many effects on the narrator in Two Kinds and Madame Loisel in The Necklace. Whether it is helping us achieve feats or our actions in public, we can be touch on both negatively and positively. In the nobble story The Necklace Madame Loisel is dirt poor. When her husband, a simple Clerk, comes home holding a white envelope which says The parson of Education and Mme. Georges Ramponneau beg M. and Mme. Loisel to do them the honor of attending an evening reception at the Ministerial Mansion. Madame Loisel tries her exceed to look as good as she can at the reception. She even borrows a necklace to look her go around at the reception, this is because of how society expects us to look our best and dress up on occasion. In the new(prenominal) short story, Two Kinds, Ni Kans mother wants her to be something she doesnt want her to be. Whether it was opening a restaurant, working for the government, or even building a house to sell it a nd make a profit. She fundamentally wants her to locomote a prodigy, which is highly unlikely. My mother believed you could be anything you wanted to be in America. You could open a restaurant. You could work for the government and get good retirement. You could buy a house with almost no property down. You could become rich. You could become instantly famous. Of course, you can be a prodigy, too, my mother told me when I was nine. Her mother wants her to become a prodigy because of how society has molded her thoughts and actions. Her daughter, she is only best tricky, you can be best anything. What does aunty Lindo know? For example, her mother forces her to learn the piano, which doesnt work out very well Three years after watching the Ed Sullivan Show my mother told me what my schedule would be for piano lessons and piano practice. She had talked to Mr. Chong In both positive and negative ways society has affected me in many aspects of my life, society has affected how I lo ok, how I do in school, what I want to become after High-School, what I say, how I perform in sports. In conclusion, society in a whole affects everyone, everywhere, every day in every way. This concludes my essay.

Computers in Healthcare Essay Example for Free

Computers in Healthcare EssayIn all aspects of lifehome, work, sociallya basic understanding of calculator operation is by and large a necessity. even the medical exam examination field has become dependent on computers, two to record bouncy affected role information, but also for billing, researching maladies, and prescribing medicines. This report takes a look at how and why health care professionals practice computers, where computers are utilize in the health care transcription, and how all this juvenile technology is affecting the medical field for both the patient and provider. Health Care Professionals use computers because they boost productivity. Health care staff, for instance, flowerpot more than advantageously keep and access medical records. Specific computer programs also allow physicians to analyze patient data both statistically and mathematically, which acquits to the creation of multimedia patient records.A multimedia file is an image, text fil e, a video clip or audio fileanything that can be displayed or played on computer monitors or speakers. An example, a cardiologist can use a computer to scan a patients EKG strip, and then attach that image to the patients permanent record for afterlife reference (Spekowius and Wendler 38-39). The ability to store patient data on a computer hard grind reduces paperwork, and the bend of staff members needed to maintain that paperwork. Having a patients file just a few computer clicks away also cuts down on the time it takes a physician to square up the demand information.Beyond simplifying office paperwork, computers also open lines of communication between the patient and physician. Physicians who engage in emailing can easier answer patient questions, and cut down on phone calls. Computers are used throughout the Health Care System. Clerical staff relies on computers for reports, memos, patient records, billing, statistics, insurance claims, as well as charting and researching graphics. Nursing stations depend on computers for reports, patient records, along with hospital information systems. And computers are unfavourable in the operation of patient monitors, medication spoken language systems and lab equipment (Spekowius and Wendler 76).Also, in medical education, computers are necessity for Computer Aided Instruction, Computer Managed Instruction, and Interactive Multi-media systems (Forman and Pomerantz). Beyond all of these uses, the computer has become increasingly necessary for diagnosis, research, publication retrieval (National Library of Medicine), and automated patient interview and history. Computers down become increasingly vital to Pharmacies. With the use of computers, pharmacists can fill prescriptions, control the dispensing, and whistle with the patients through a video hookup. People maintenance in remote areas also whitethorn use computers to order and receive their prescriptions without having to concur a cross(prenominal) t rip into town or even leave their home.This is a particularly valuable tool for the elderly. Also, physicians this instant are able to type prescriptions into computers and email them to pharmacists, cutting down on errors because of sloppy doctor handwriting. Computers have become commonplace in Radiology. Radiologists use computers to prepare and store patient baptistry histories, prepare convention talks, and to examine images. Computers are especially important when examining images radiologists depend on digital radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine, and ultrasonic imaging (Trovato). Computers can also enable a radiologist to view an emergency case from home, reducing the response time when dealing with a crisis situation.In radiology it is imperative that the computer system be powerful enough to observe very fine images faulty screen imaging could lead to a false analysis, and possibly compromise patient health (Leach). Computers ar e also used in mental process to produce a three-dimensional image of the organ that is being operated on. This technology is especially useable to young surgeons, small clinics and developing countries where such sophisticated imagery has previously been unavailable. In addition, this type of surgery is less invasive on the patient, so recovery time and cost are reduced.Genetics is other area of medicine in which the use of computers has been increasingly useful. Pharmacogenomics, for instance, helps determine what drugs are compatible with a patients gene type. Gene information obtained from a patient blood sample is entered into the computer, which then determines which drugs may not be compatible before dispensing. In the future doctors may be able to use a similar method to determine the most effective type of chemotherapy for a cancer patient. This could hold on a patient from having a series of unnecessary and ineffective treatments (Mandel). Computers also allow access t o the net, which can be a very useful tool when trying to run an office. Connecting to the World Wide sack can help lower costs, improve patient/member service and assist in the delivery of better-coordinated care.The physician is able to compile and analyze data from a single or multiple number of sources, reveal health problems, and even gains a better understanding of a treatments monetary performance. Also, the Internet is a great marketing tool for a physicians medical practice. The Internet is awash with medical information, which is both useful for patients and possibly detrimental. Some patients who should see a doctor kinda try and self-diagnose using information gleaned from computer research. So many medical sources exist on computers very much of it valid, good informationthat a somebody might read the symptoms and believe they have a particular disease and try to treat themselves.Faulty treatment of a medical problem could lead to more serious medical problems down the road. Another pitfall to consider is how web sites allow a person to seek medical advice by querying a so-called physician online. The problem That advice may be feeler from an accredited medical personor someone pretending to be a physician. So now with all this talk about how computers can be very beneficial to the medical field, one may wonder if computers do a better job than humans. The answer Yes, due to a computers flawless memory. Even though physicians have the desire to be efficient and thorough when it comes to their patients, they are human and they occasionally make mistakes.Computers accurately remember vast amounts of information, which is especially important these days given all the emerging medical information and technology in the world today (Spekowius and Wendler 439). In conclusion, it is obvious that the medical field has benefited greatly since the advent of computers. Without computers the world would not be as advanced as it is today.New discoveries mi ght never have been made, unnecessary tests and treatments would have been performed, and lives would have been lost. Computers are propelling the medical world into a new dimension where literally anything is possibleincluding increased longevity, cures for cancer and paralysis reversal. It is indeed a win-win situation for physicians and patients. works CitedForman, Lloyd J. and Sherry C. Pomerantz. Computer-Assisted Instruction A Survey on the Attitudes of Osteopathic Medical Students. JAOA Medical Education (2006) 572-575. Leach, Michelle. Computed Radiography Vs. Digital Radiography. n.d. ehow. February 2013 http//www.ehow.com/about_6836650_computed-radiography-vs_-digital-radiog

Philosophies from Aquinas, Augustine, and Irenaeus and other theologians Essay Example for Free

Philosophies from doubting Thomas, Augustine, and Irenaeus and other theologians EssayThe study of pietism and philosophy is infinitely confronted with the problem of disgust and its broad association to ungodliness. In facing this debacle, at that place is a tendency for religion to deny the organism of hatred and clearly explicate that it is a clean final result in the undeveloped minds of people. Religion may also uphold that there is a competent ch exclusivelyenger between shame and best as lou uglinessess brush aside be considered as a affect causalityity, containing power equal to the comprehend hefty. It mickle also be derived that fell is the imperfect cooperation in the high-priced explained under(a) the presence of a deity deemed as omnibenevolent and omniscient.Some response concerning the demonic include that debates which give instruction that the true innocent forget buns non be established without the possibility of evil. This vagary u ndersurface be translated to the t effectile sensation that firearmhood atomic number 18 non able to understand and comprehend theology, that spiritual growth and development necessisitates woefulness and that evil is the impact of effect of the fallen and disrupted world. Many disciplines afford attempted to provide a concrete definition of evil and wickedness and the proposed assumptions on the connection of evil to evil have encountered denials access from other scholars.In this paper, multiple philosophies and valuable insights concerning the association of evil to blunder out provide be explored. The teachings of doubting Thomas doubting Thomas, Irenaeus and Augustine and of others provide be discussed in order to throttle evil and underworld, describe the relationshipof evil to loathsomeness, and to explicate the release and the causality of sin and evil in the modern-day world. This papers central focus is on the research Every evil is sin, hardly is eac h sin evil? The Teachings of Thomas doubting Thomas on grievous and pit The concept of evil by Thomas doubting Thomas and his entire miscellany of philosophy argon inheringly grounded upon the teachings of the St.Augustine who created a philosophical theological position on evil. unfairness is an English noun that is comm completely employ today to describe anything that is undeniably horrendous, particularly in the aspect of human behavior. However, Thomas doubting Thomas says that the limit evil has more than inclusive spirit than evil does for people. According to Aquinas, we atomic number 18 dealing with evil whenever we atomic number 18 faced by whatever can be thought of as a case of fall short. For Aquinas, there is no evil substance in the world and neither graven image nor man creates evil.In saying this Aquinas proves that the world is created and governed by a perfectly good theology who is also all- regnant and omniscient. This teaching negates the argume nt of homo who say that each time some of the good stray aways from an reject therefore it is evil. Aquinas says no this argument by declaring that no evil exists materially. Aquinas explicates that human beings atomic number 18 wholly good but have the tendency that some of their commodity will be removed. Aquinas strongly argues that there is a serious mavin in which it can be thought of as lacking in being. Take for instance the thought of Adolf Hitler as wholly good.This example may prove several criticisms since Hitler has enjoyed being a household name for evil, but it is to illustrate Aquinass concept of evil take a leakd by the removal of good. For Aquinas, Hitler is good- he has competent brain, his physique is complete, and he almost b bes resemblance to God. But Hitler has some of his goodness removed when he tries to rule the world with tyranny. According to Aquinas, evil is there however in the sense that something is missing. Aquinas continues to say that w hat is not there cannot be thought of as made to be by the source of the being of things. In this sense, Aquinas follows Augustines thought and says that God can never be the cause of evil because evil is not an actual thing but the absence of a good that ought to be present. What causes people to be bad is the gap between who they atomic number 18 and how they should be but argon not. Aquinas tokens rules out his concept of evil by illustrating that there will be no badness unless there goodness yet there can be goodness without any badness. In the aspect of sin, Aquinas writes that it is not the disobedience of irrational authority, but it is a violation of well-being.According to Aquinas, heologians may describe sin as an act againts God and philosophers may signify it as opposed to reason, but it is St. Augustine who aptly defines sin. Aquinas explains that it is more accurate to define sin as being contrary to the eternal lawfulness kind of contrary to human reason, especi ally since the eternal law includes many things beyond the scope of reason, much(prenominal) as matters of faith. Even though Aquinas is an advocate of the philosophy of Augustine, he recognizes that the Augustine sometimes talks only nearly will in describing sin.Aquinas explains thaat the outside(prenominal) act, which is the veruy substance of the sin, is evil itsefl and thus it is necessary to include exterior acts in the definition of sin. However, Augustine and Aquinas two agree that the sin is evil because it harms and diminishes native good. Aquinas takes into devotion the application of the natural law. According to Aquinas, when it is express that all sins are evil but not because they are prohibited, that prohibition is understood as an act of positive law. Aquinas emphasizes that since the natural law comes fron the eternal law and acts of positive law are derived from the natural law, thus all sins are evil. It is argued by Aquinas that evil is the privation o f good and an individual can identify the extent of privation by what is left subsequently such action. In this idea, Aquinas is stressing that what dust of good after every sin is the a akin(p), since there remains after every sin the very nature of the psyche and the freedom of choice by which humans can deal good and evil. Aquinas tells that all sins are equal and are evil. The focal point of Aquinas in saying that all sins are evil and that all sins are equal is the only main source capable of commanding humans what they ought to be. As a theologian, Aquinas gives emphasis to God as the main source the nature and eternal and divine law. Aquinas says that since all are the same in turning away from God, all sins are equal. For Aquinas, every sin is evil because it is a aberrancy from reason and law. Aquinas describes sin as having no cause because it has the nature of evil.It has been discussed earlier that evil is the removal of goodness whats is lacking in humans as a wh olly good. Aquinas emphasizes that what is missing cannot be thought of as made to be by the source of the being of things. The same goes for sins. This concept makes both sin and evil as pilot which thrive on will that act against reason and divine moral law. Same with evil, God can never be the source of sin. Likewise evil can never be the cause of sin. In this sense, the evil of punishment serves as the sequel to sin. He compares evil of delinquency to sin and declares that they have no difference.In saying that sin has a cause, Aquinas is busy to clarify that such cause is not necessarily a cause for sin can be impeded. This musing denotes that if there should be a necessary cause for sins, then people will spare on making sins since there is a cause inherent to them that makes them commit sins. Such notion echoes the horizon of Aquinas on whether sin has an internal cause. Aquinas argues that if sin has an internal cause, then man would perpetually be sinning and since it has a cause, there will always be an effect. Aquinas also defines sin by mentioning virtue.Aquinas says, But sin is evil because it takes away virtue. Therefore, all sins are equally evil, since every one of them equally takes away virtue. Aquinas thinks of sins as contrary to virtues and that all virtues are equal. Therefore, Aquinas reaffirms that all sins are equal. He also come up with the idea of malice that is the equalizer of all sins. Aquinas says that sin has malice in relation to turning away from God. This feature in relation to the difference of opinion from God states that circumstances tag the malice of sins as being more serious.Aquinas adds that if circumstances should themselves have malice, they constitute species of sin and if they should not in themselves have any malice, there is no reason wherefore they should make the sins more serious. On the on the hand, the diversity in sins that other arguments are pointing to is a mere presentation of morally indif ferent genus. Overall, Aquinas writes that all sins are evil in a sense that they both result in being unnatural, the failure of the natural rule that man ought to observe and obey. Evil and criminality According To AugustineMany of St. Augustines teachings on evil substantiate Aquinas concept. They both believe that the unvarying God created only good things and He alone is the source of all being. Augustine negates all forms of theological and metaphysical dualism and puts great emphasis on God who is wholly good. According to Augustine, there is no dualism existing in the problem of evil. The thought of evil as not a being, a thing, or substance or entity absolves him from the Manichaean dualism,the belief that there exists two powerful beings, the good and evil.He realizes that all the God created are metaphysically and ontologically good in their being. He proposes that if evil were a being, a thing or an entity, then the problem fo evil will not be solved because it has a s ource. If the evil comes from God, then God is not all good and if it does not come from God, then He is not the powerful creator of all things. Augustine says that God is a spiritual and not a corporeal being and he rejects Manichaeisms materialistic dualism but embraces a different dualism between corporeal and spiritual beings, with God, angels, and human soul dropping into the latter class. Upon rejecting the Manicheism and its simple concept on the origin of evil, Augustines obliges himself to establish an alternative solution to the origins of evil and starts to inspire that evil represents a free deviation from God and is not a positive entity in its profess right. All of the works of the immutable Creator of men are revelations of Gods nature and therefore, all of His works are of wholly good. Both Augustine and Aquinas believe that evil does not come from God.In his struggle concerning the muddiness over evil, Augustine further says that the evil is not something that is completely real biut only fragment that is dependent on that which is absolutely real. According to Augustine, evil is not a thing or substance but he is aware of its existence and that it can be divided into three kinds. Metaphysical evil is the lack of mans perfection not because of his given nature but because they all fall short of complete perfection that only God can obtain. This is not actually considered evil. The second kind is the physical evil that is the privation of a certain perfection because of nature.This kind is being justified by Augustine together with the other theologians as under the jurisdiction of the general order of nature. The third kind if the moral evil, the only real evil. It is a sin or an act opposed to the will of God. The source of the moral evil is the faculty of free will in which man is able to turn away from the right order and deviate himself from the will of God. Augustine says, sin is so voluntary that there is no sin unless it is voluntary . He implies that there needs to be an act of moral will in any sin or the consent to turn away from God and to His will.Augustine emphasizes that moral evil is truly a sin for there is a consent. Sin settles itself in the free will, option, intention, and the motion of the soul, which instigates a wrong order into the world. Evil is nothing but a privation of good until at last a thing ceases altogether to be. An evil will is a kind of will that deviates away from God, the creator. Moreover, Augustine says that it is a disordered love and will, the wrong conformity to Gods will. The literature of Augustine on sin are associated with his Christian definition of evil.Augustine defines sin as the impetus or the deviation of will endow to humans away from God. He furthers his discussion of sin by stating that God can never be the author of sin just as He can never be the source of evil. Such movement of the human will away from the God the Creator is also referred by Augustine as th e misdirection. According to him, as there is a misdirection on evil will, there is also a misdirection in the aspect of sin. Augustine explains that sin is therefore an error or untruth and based upon the misconception of what is good for us. Augustine says that when people choose to sin, they must have an intention of obtaining goodness or getting rid of something bad. He suggests that sin is more than an intellectucal error, it is the misdirection of the will. Augustines musing on sin as the misdirection of human will is demonstrated in mans pursuit of happiness or pride. Augustine notes that pride is the an appetite for inordinate exaltation,it when the soul cuts itself from the Source to which it should keep most and somehow makes itself and becomes an end to itself. Augustine continues that inordinate exaltation takes place when the soul is inordinately pleased with itself, and such self-pleasing occurs when the soul falls away away from the unchangeable Good which ought to please the sould far more than the soul can please itself. He also validates his definition of sin by saying that what the people do for the interest of goodness ends in something negative or bad , and what people do in making things good ends in just making things worse.Augustine explains this paradox by writing that except that the happiness of man can come not from himself but only from God, and that to live according to oneself is to sin is to lose God. This paradox explicates that sin is the possibility of man to focus on himself rather than on the all-knowing God. It is therefore suggested that, based upon the writings of Augustine, not all sins are considered evil cod to the categorization of evil involving nature. Irenaeus On Evil and Sin Little is known about Irenaeus and his works are mostly generated fromScriptures and the biblical domain.The understanding of sin order in the works of Irenaeus of Lyons has some contradictions when compared to the dominant Christian p erspective influenced by Augustine in the fifth century. Irenaeus of Lyons interprets coevals as the disobedience of man with tour acting like an impulsive child. Irenaeus thinks of sin as industry and errors which grow. He says that there is no such a things as original sin or guilt that man inherited from his forefather, Adam. It is seen that he has a different view of the mans fall compared to the teachings of later writers particularly Augustine.This idea posits that Irenaeus thinks of of the fall of Adam and Eve is not a rebellion against God the Creator but is a concrete illlustration of the failure of man to rise to greater heights and that human does not lose its original perfection. His view concerning the fall of the humanitys forefatther raises many questions as it does not seems to be based on Scripture but it is derived unaccompanied from his rational interpretation. He further suggests that the without loss of life and the presence of evils, humanity will not repe nt. Unlike, Aquinas and Augustine, Irenaeus imparts that evil comes from God.In this idea, it is clearly manifested that Irenaeus upholds that the appearance of evil is of righteous purpose. According to him, the elements which appear evil, like death are planned by God. He says, it is for this reason therefore that Paul calls Adam himself the radiation pattern of the one to come because the Word, the artisan of the universe, had sketched out in advance, in order to prepare the ground for himself, the next plan of the human race in its relation to to the Son of God, with God first of all establishing natural man order, quite obviously, that he might be saved by spiritual man. In the said notion, Iranaeus outlines two distinct phases. Iraneaus writes that the creation of humanity comes first, secondly comes its perfection through the incarnation of the Son, Christ Jesus, who transmits the heart and soul of the whole human race. It is evident that the advent of Christ is the sole purpose behind the creation of Adam. It is write that Irenaeus does not identify evil with sin. It is because he acknowledges the two types of evil.The first type is the physical evil that Irenaeus refers to as arising from the nature of the creature for its is due to the opposition of contrary forces or to the sequences of events that obey natural laws what seems to be an evil in the short run is a good on the cosmic. According to Irenaeus, the second type of evil is the moral evil that he considers as sin. He declares that this type of evil is sin because it arises from the jealousy of monster and or certain angels who lured Adam into transgression. Influenced by the writings of Johannine, Irenaeus defines sin as the condition of human existence rather than a collection of individual actions. According to Irenaeus of Lyon, moral evil is to be considered as a sin because it reflects Gods original design that is putting man into the test. This type of evil is generally accounted for mans free will and his ability to discern right from wrong. Irenaeus says that God had foreseen the angels sin as well as that of man, including the consequences, and he had canonic it. Iraneaus places sin in history and writes that the fall of man is the gradual spread of evil because of the inevitability of individualized sin, not as a particular shift in the human nature. Moreover, Irenaeus has made a compare between the natural person and the perfection of the person to describe sin. According to him,body and soul constitute a natural person while the perfect human being is made up of body, soul and spirit. The inclusion of Gods spirit is the essence of Irenaeus idea of the redemption.People have been redemeed and have been saved so that they may flap into what God wants them to be. For Iranaeus, not all sins can be considered as evil as man is not accountable for some existing evils such as those coming from the natural disasters known as natural evils. The only evil that can be deemed as sin are the moral evils caused by the selfishness of humanity. Sin and Evil According to Other Theologians Lactantius is one of the Christian thinkers to respond to the problem of evil and sin referring solely to Gods laws.According to Lactantius, the chief good of the humanity is not to be found in the theories of the philosophers, for these have to do things common to animals as well as humans or things not available to all humans. He refers to the one and true God as the chief good and the things which meant to satisfy the body that perishes as not good at all. For him, pleasure, power and wealth are not good and anything and the disobedience of Gods laws are evil and sin. Reinhold Niebuhr be grands to the category of formative Christian moral theorists. He says that sin is inevitable but not necessary. He furthers his explannation of sin by stating that the temptation to sin lies in the human situation itself. Niebuhr stresses that the will and freedom en dowed to man is the basis of his creativity and it is also his temptation. While Irenaeus declares that people need evil to spiritual grow, Niebuhr upholds his realist system that people do not need sin and no perfection can completely liberate human beings from the reality of sin. Walter Rauschenbusch is included into the group of thinkers who deal with the importance of sin in salvation.According to him, when we undertook to define the nature of sin, we accepted the old definition, that sin is selfishness and rebellion against God , but we insisted on putting humanity into the picture. He further explains that the description of sin as selfishness will be accepted for as long as the humanity is perceived as a great solidarity with God thriving on it. He emphasizes that if sin is selfishness, then mans selfishness consisted in a selfish attitude, in which he was at the centre of the universe, and God and all his fellowmen were means to serve his pleasures, increase his wealth and set off his egotisms. He also hand over the dosctrine of the origin of sin from literal interpretations by recognizing the active sources of sin in the later generations and in the contemporary period. He was criticized upon recognizing that both goodness and sinfulness can be determined by social environment. Rauschenbusch explains that what can be evil is primed(p) by the society and the same goes for sin. He says that the good maybe forced to do bad while the bad maybe forced to do good as dictated by the society. ConclusionIn the tradition of religion and theology, the definition of sin is related to the problem on evil. The question addresed in this paper is whether sin leads to evil or evil leads to sin. The definition of evil and sin according to several theologians were explored in this paper in order to understand the relationship between evil and sin. Based from the literatures studied, it is said that the relationship between evil and sin can be associated with reconc iliation, salvation, the fall of Adam and the society itself, and morality.It is clearly manifested that the connection between sin and evil can be interchangeable such that evil can lead to sin and sin can lead to evil. The interchangeable connection is due to the observed judgement that evil and sin have the same feature as the deviation from what man ought to be. In this sense, all evil can be sin but not all sins are considered evil due to the fact that sin comprises only the moral and spiritual side of the humanity. The inquiry on whether every sin is evil is answered on the definition of evil in which various(a) theologians categorize into various theories.This paper has observed that every theologian has his or her own conception on evil and sin and it is evident that their concepts have been derived from other theologians who took insights also from other thinkers. This is to say that evil and sin can be both the same in a sense that they both have the same characteristics constructed by thinkers who incline insights from their influences. BIBLIOGRAPHY Aquinas, Thomas. The Subject and Approach of the De Malo, in On Evil, eds. Richard J. Regan and Brian Davies.New York Oxford University Press, 2003. Aquinas, Thomas, Summa Theologiae Volume 25 Sin. New York Cambridge University Press, 2006. Lacoste, Jean-Yves, ed. Encyclopedia of Christian Theology, Vol 1. New York Routledge, 2005. Mann,William E. Augustine on Evil and Original Sin, in The Cambridge Companion to Augustine, eds. Eleonore Stump and Norman Kretzmann. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 2001. Wogaman, J. Philip. Christian morality A Historical Introduction. Kentucky Westminster/John knox Press, 1993.