Time Devices :: essays research papers

Definition of "Time" Term used to force how long it takes to an event to occur. Time is used to classify events to "Events that progressed" and "Events that will happen". It seems that measure passes in the same pattern, and that beat is equal to all but the "Theory of Relativity" proves otherwise. "Time is a relative thing" according to Einstein, which came stunned with the theory of Relativity.History of time Records of time keeping are found 25,000 years ago, but of course, they werent as accurate as now a days. human being used nature to indicate time e.g. Full Moons. It is widely suggested today that time was kept in a "Calendar" way. This means that they divided the time into big units and could only discover the time in specific occasions. e.g. a normal person, 20,000 years ago couldnt tell his partner the time at any(prenominal) given period. He had to wait that the moon would go full, or the sun will dawn, or by lookin g at the stars, etc. They almost couldnt describe when in the future, a thing is to happen. They would say close tothing like "In 2 full moons and a high sun well go hunting". He couldnt tell exactly in how many hours or minutes things will happen because as I said before Nature was his time keeper + The frontier "Seconds", "Minutes, "Hours", etc, didnt exist back then.As mankind evolved, better ways to keep track of time were found. Man invented more and more devices as he evolved, and some of these devices are listed in the next sectionClocks A time device used to keep track of the passing time.A clock must have 2 basic components1. Power Source2. A "Release Power" source.Up till the beginning of the 1800s, sun clocks were the leading time devices worldwide. During the 14th century, the Italian Donadi family were the first to draw numbers on those sun clocks. The invention of the spring for clocks during the 16th century and the pendulum in 1 671 were the first move toward the replacement of the sun clocks with mechanical clocks. The hand clock (watch) was invented by A French Company named Berege back at 1810. During the 1800s a drastic advance has occurred in mechanical clocks with the invention of the naval time keeper which is used up till today by sailors to find their position in an area.

Macbeth: Power Is The Paradox :: essays research papers

Macbeth Power Is The Paradox     People have a hard time getting what they indigence in fact, the things theywant can be incompatible with each other. In Shakespeares Macbeth, theprotagonist is lured to murder the king, Duncan, by the desire for power, anappetite honed by witchs prophecies and his wifes encouragement. But when hereaches the kingship, he finds himself insecure. He attempts to remove threatsthat decrease his security, including his companion Banquo and his son Fleance,predicted to be king. His lords grow angry and revolt successfully, afterwitches lure Macbeth into a false champion of security by further foretelling. InMacbeth, we see that, despite appearances of contradiction, mans goals ofcomfort and power are forever opposed in increment, though the two may declinetogether.     The power from hit the hayledge causes discomfort. As often has been said,ignorance is bliss. After Macbeth is promised the throne, Banquo asks wh yMacbeth is less than ecstatic. "Good sir, why do you start, and seem to fear /Things that do good for you(p) so fair?" (Act I, Scene 3) Macbeths new knowledge makeshim uncomfortable, as he realizes the implications. His first thoughtsconsidering murdering Duncan appear, and he is scared. After he commits themurder, Macbeth says, "To know my deed, twere best not know myself." (Act II,Scene 2) Knowing that has committed such a vile act makes him uncomfortable. Itwill be difficult to act innocent and to deal with his guilt. When he later ondecides to murder Banquo and Fleance, he tells his wife, "Be innocent of theknowledge, dearest chuck, / Till thou applaud the deed." (Act III, Scene 2)Hecate find outs Macbeth up for his final fall. The security provided by the secondset of predictions is only short-lived. Feeling there is no threat to his power,Macbeth acts wildly, bringing his downfall and loss of both comfort and security.The problem with knowledge was that it was power resulting in a decline incomfort.     Those most comfortable have the least power. The enjoyment of securityprevents strength. The Porter delivers an ironic speech on the evils of drink,explaining, "Lechery, sir, it provokes and unprovokes it provokes the desire,but it takes away the performance therefore much drink may be said to be anequivocator with lechery it makes him, and it mars him it sets him on, and ittakes him off it persuades him and disheartens him makes him stand to and notstand to in conclusion, equivocates him in a sleep, and giving him the lie,leaves him." (Act II, Scene 3) While drink may cause comfort, this is

Stranger Paper :: essays research papers

I know my subject by his first pertain only, Maynard, by listening to his frequent conversations with his close friend Rolando I befool discovered they enjoy talking active alcoholic beverages, movies, and video games among other things. He is of average height and a slim build with frizzy before long black hair and wears glasses.My first impression after observing Maynard for a short period of time was he might be shy and/or nervous in social situations even when interacting with a close friend. I came about this assumption by observing him look away from the listener when he (Maynard) laughs, he also fidgets with his hands by rubbing them together, etc. when being talk to, he also spins his pen often. Another reason why I assume he is nervous is the manner in which he moves, all his movements argon quick and sudden. His lack of participation in class discussion and in answering questions also fortified my assertion that he is shy.Stemming from his shyness, I believe he is in a way, dependant on his friend Rolandos social interactions and approval of him. He often sits to the side, ready to converse with him. He also covers his book binding talk/lower face with his hand by resting his head on his hand in various ways when facing the class as if he were cradling him self or hiding. I do not observe this behavior when he is talking to Rolando. This leads me to assume he suffers from some degree of insecurity. And I have but to observe him to speak with anyone but Rolando until he asked me what he could write about me (what a coincidence).Lastly I gather from my observations that Maynard is a humble and laid back individual. His hair is frizzy and easy to maintain. He does not dress flamboyantly and he lets his mustache grow out.As for significant information I have learned about Maynard, I learned he holds his friends in high esteem and depends on his relationships with them greatly. He does not interact in moderately large social groups well, but does listen attentively. And he may be a little edgy. I find that the subjects ignorance to his observation or lack of attention minded(p) to it, is a strength of this type of research.

Murakami as an Existential Writer Essay -- Philosophy, Writing

Existentialism is a 20th century philosophy and school of publications that holds that sustenancetime is meaningless and chaotic, and any abstract theories about it are useless. All that exists is the world of phenomena as perceived by our senses. Whatever metaphysical c formerlypt that lies foundation this world is not only impossible to know and understand, but also holds no significant value. The only choice we have to make in life is to accept this world with a kind of determined joy, to discipline ourselves, and to defy the emptiness and the chaos by fixing our own meaning in life (Friedrich Nietzsche Part 4). Although Haruki Murakami does not directly express any existential views in What I Talk about When I Talk about ladder and Norwegian Wood, he is a quintessential existential writer because so much of existentialism involves the working out of private dilemmas. There is much cerebrate on introversion in existentialism, and it can be seen in the lives of Murakami s characters.In What I Talk near When I Talk About Running, Murakami was cladding the dilemma of participating in a 62-mile ultramarathon that took place every June at Lake Saroma in Hokkaido, Japan (104). According to Murakami, The runners run around the shores of Lake Saroma, which faces the Sea of Okhotsk. Only once you actually run the course do you realize how ridiculously huge Lake Saroma is (105). The weather gradually changed from being freezing to being too warm for fundamental clothes during the ultramarathon (105). While Murakami was running, he began feeling intense pain in different parts of his body (109). Even so, he felt very sharp upon reaching the finish line, not so much pride as a sense of completion (115). Through running, Murakami finds his own meaning... ... Through perseverance, we overcome obstacles and find happiness in this chaotic world of ours. We find our own reasons to live and we choose to hold our own values. All of these things are ten ets of existentialism. There is no train in life but what we make for ourselves.Works CitedFriedrich Nietzsche Part 4 - YouTube. YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. Web. 25 Sept. 2011. .Murakami, Haruki. What I Talk About When I Talk About Running. New York Vintage, 2007. Print.Murakami, Haruki. Norwegian Wood. New York Vintage International, 1987. Print.Island of Freedom - Sren Kierkegaard. RobertHSarkissian.com. Web. 27 Nov. 2011. .Murakami, Haruki, Alfred Birnbaum, and Jay Rubin. The Elephant Vanishes Stories. (TEV)New York Knopf, 1993. Print.

The relationship between the concentration of Sodium Thiosulphate and the reaction rate with Hydrochloric acid :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

The descent between the concentration of Sodium Thiosulphate and the reception tempo with Hydrochloric acidIntroductionThe rate of response is measured by finding the quantity of productmade in a certain time. The rate of response can be made faster by anincrease of temperature, adding a catalyst, increasing concentrationor pressure or making the reactants surface body politic larger. An increasein temperature causes the particles of the reactants to gain much elan vital and ingrain faster. Collision theory states that this results inmore collisions and more of these collisions will have enough energyto cause a chemical reaction. By adding a catalyst the particles will stick tothe sides of the catalyst and this increases the rate of reaction. Byincreasing the surface ara there is more surface for the particles tocollide with thus causing more collisions and increasing the rate ofreaction. Finally by increasing concentration there are more particles moving around in the same space. This equals more reactions, whichequals faster rate of reaction.More collisions = faster rate of reaction.In this experiment I shall be examine the relationship betweenthe concentration of sodium thiosulphate and the rate of its reactionwith Hydrochloric acid. The formula for this reaction isHydrochloric acid + Sodium thiosulphate Sodium chloride +Sulphur oxide + Sulphur + water2HCL(aq)+Na2S2O3(aq)NaCl(aq)+SO 2(g)+S(s)+H2O(l)The reaction is considered to be over when sufficient cloudiness isbuilt up in the reaction flask. This cloudiness is sulphurprecipitated from the reactants. This therefore is a precipitationreaction. We are investigating the effect of varying the concentrationof Sodium Thiosulphate and not the other variables that can affectrates because We do not know the right catalyst for this reaction, weare not able to break the reactants down to increase their surfacearea and we decided not to do temperature because we felt that themost dramatic results would come from concentration. To give rise this testfair all of these other variables have to remain the same.Hypothesis----------I believe that the less concentrated the Sodium Thiosulphate theslower the rate of reaction will be. I say this because the less theconcentration the less the amount of particles in the same volume andtherefore the less collisions. This means that the rate of reactionwill be slower.Plan----To obtain our results we will be using the following equipmentConical flask (To contain the liquids whilst the reaction is takingplace.)Pipette (To move reactants and measure out precise amounts.)Goggles (As we are using acid our eyes must be shielded from harmfulmaterials)Apron (To protect the frock and body.Stopwatch (To count the time taken for the reaction to take place.

The relationship between the concentration of Sodium Thiosulphate and the reaction rate with Hydrochloric acid :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

The relationship between the concentration of Sodium Thiosulphate and the reaction consecrate with Hydrochloric acidIntroductionThe rate of reaction is measured by finding the quantity of productmade in a certain time. The rate of reaction can be made faster by an profit of temperature, adding a catalyst, increase concentrationor pressure or making the reactants rise up area larger. An increasein temperature causes the particles of the reactants to gain moreenergy and can faster. Collision theory states that this results inmore collisions and more of these collisions exit have enough energyto cause a reaction. By adding a catalyst the particles will stick tothe sides of the catalyst and this increases the rate of reaction. Byincreasing the surface area there is more surface for the particles tocollide with thus ca apply more collisions and increasing the rate ofreaction. Finally by increasing concentration there are more particlesmoving around in the same space. This equals more reactions, whichequals faster rate of reaction.More collisions = faster rate of reaction.In this experiment I shall be investigating the relationship betweenthe concentration of sodium thiosulphate and the rate of its reactionwith Hydrochloric acid. The canon for this reaction isHydrochloric acid + Sodium thiosulphate Sodium chloride +Sulphur oxide + Sulphur + water2HCL(aq)+Na2S2O3(aq)NaCl(aq)+SO 2(g)+S(s)+H2O(l)The reaction is considered to be over when sufficient cloudiness isbuilt up in the reaction flask. This cloudiness is sulphurprecipitated from the reactants. This therefore is a precipitationreaction. We are investigating the effect of varying the concentrationof Sodium Thiosulphate and not the other variables that can affectrates because We do not know the right catalyst for this reaction, weare not able to break the reactants down to increase their surfacearea and we decided not to do temperature because we felt that themost dramatic results would come from concentration . To make this testfair all of these other variables have to keep on the same.Hypothesis----------I believe that the less(prenominal) concentrated the Sodium Thiosulphate theslower the rate of reaction will be. I say this because the less theconcentration the less the amount of particles in the same volume andtherefore the less collisions. This means that the rate of reactionwill be slower.Plan----To obtain our results we will be using the following equipmentConical flask (To contain the liquids whilst the reaction is takingplace.)Pipette (To move reactants and measure out precise amounts.)Goggles (As we are using acid our eyes must be shielded from harmfulmaterials)Apron (To protect the clothes and body.Stopwatch (To count the time forcen for the reaction to take place.

Creon Antigone by Sophocles Essay

In Antigone, written by Sophocles, Creon dominates the play with his conditionful yet arrogant personality. Even though Antigone is the name of this play, Creon, the ruling king of Thebes with a no turning back attitude, proves to be the main char get alonger. Creon rules over everyone but that does not stop the intelligent Antigone from protecting her brothers dead body. She gets caught in this illegal act by the very dynamic character of Creon. There are endless personality traits to describe Creon, but certain traits that pop out are his potency/power and his waywardness.Who is the man here, she or I if this crime goes unpunished?( medical prognosis 2, lines 82,83). This quote is a simple example of how stubborn a king with that much felicitate can act toward his own family. We then learn that no matter how wrong he is in his decisions, he still sticks with what he believes to be the expert punishment to Antigone. The other proving quote in Scene 3 (line 26) is when Creon sta tes, Do you want me to show myself before the people? Or to break my sworn devise? No, and I will not. Creon slowly starts to realize the right thing to do in his situation but something inside of him prevents him from saving Antigone. It could quite possibly be him knowing his own strength and power compared to everyone else.His strength plays a key role in the problems that occurred. Antigone sees right through this personality trait of his. Creon is not fast(a) enough to stand in my way.(Prologue, line 35) Also,in Scene 1 line 118 Creon says,Theres nothing in this world that is more demoralizing than money. Creon re on the wholey means it when he says this. He thinks that everything in the world has a price. His strength can be translated as a waste cause he doesnt use his powers for the better of the urban center of Thebes. His power completely forces him to believe that no one is above him. That is where the conflict began for Antigone and Polyneices.There was not much motiv ation for his actions besides his pride, which is apparently the cause of all their troubles. If Creon would have realized early on that the right thing to do is more important then power and pride, Antigone would not have of been dead. In Scene 2, (line 75,76) Choragus is right on when he says, Like father, like daughter both headstrong, deaf toreason. Creon believes that his word over all should be the final say. But when Antigone, a female at that, defies him, he flips out and sentences her to rot in a prison cell. In his mind, he was rational with the choices he made.When it comes down to it, Creon was just onerous to represent the position of the king. Unfortunately, his greed overcame his responsibility of the throne. His power against everyone else in Thebes proved to be significant when he sentenced Antigone. After the events that happened, he was still so stubborn to turn back. At the very end of this play, Creon finally realized his wrong doings and he said, I was the foo l, not you. And you died for me.(Scene 5, line 92) Both his stubbornness and his power broke down and we saw the real Creon. Characters like this in Greek literature are important because the form the plot, the conflict, and the resolution. Without the Creons in plays, there would not be any tragedy or any thing to resolve at the end.

Political attack ads

Americans National University Political advertisements have been a pervasive part of policy-making science In the unify States since the dawn of television. Presidential candidates have been making an appearance In the living rooms of Americans since Dwight D. Eisenhower Introduced a series of short motion ads to the world of television during his presidential race (livingroomcandidate. Org par-I, 2012).From the beginning researchers regarded television as a medium that had the potential to allow state to become more informed, and therefore more included direct to a nonpartisan land Chirurgic, Coleman, & Blubber, 2009). Individuals who, in the past, had limited access to current affairs have been able to gain a incompatible impression of politics through the medium of television. As television became a comfortable medium for politics, electoral democracies became a game of power, persuasion, monopolizing support for policies and politicians, and accumulating votes (Chirurgic, Coleman, & Blubber, 2009).In this paper the writer testament contract to analyze the impact of political television ads on democracy. Throughout political history politicians have used an ray of methods such as speeches, advertising, and political rallies to feel the winning vote, however political television ads became a popular theme in the race for president. Political attack ads are as old as television and made their first appearance in 1952 in which republicans would give one answer to one group and give a completely different answer to the same question to another group (Greer, 2006).Because of this the opposing party could not be trusted. Some of these ads had quite a lasting effect scarcely none more than the President Johnnys ad Daisy Girl that sutured a little girl picking the petals off of a daisy then fades into a nuclear flop going off (Greer, 2006). The ad was a response to Barry Goldwater account regarding using nuclear weapons in the Vietnam War. Although the ad was only aired once before organism pulled from television, many an(prenominal) believe Its Impact was what led to Johnson winning the presidential race In 1964 (Greer, 2006).For more than sixty years politics and television have existed In a state of reciprocated dependence. Politics provides the raw materials sequence television packages It, subtly reconstructs It, and livers It to the audience (Currently, Coleman, Blubber, 2009). Political advertising has become an Indispensable campaign strategy and many people regard It as fairly obtrusive. Political advertisers are not liable to any regulatory organization, voluntary or otherwise, for the accuracy of their claims (lounger, Prior, 1999).Political ads are quetch about the objectivity of the comments made about them. While television has become a fundamental part of the political process it, in turn, has widely contributed to De-plasticization (Chirurgic, Coleman, & Blubber, 2009). Greer ascertains that canvas tent after p oll confirms that the electoral process is marked by cynicism and dissatisfaction with contemporary campaign discourse (2006). Nearly 60% of the public in the year 2000 was dissatisfied with how candidates conduct their campaign (Greer, 2006).The focus has moved from political discourse to the personalities and faces of political leaders. Because the focus has turned to spectacle rather than ideas the educational value of election campaigns has greatly diminished. Televised presidential debates have become a battle of physical style which has moved our culture towards a new way of conducting important business Postman, 2005). The lines between presentation business and political discourse become more blurred with each passing day. Americans tend to have a negative preconception towards political campaign ads.They are inclined to believe that such attack ads undermine not only the election but the democratic government as salutary. John Greer designer of In Defense of Negativity d isagrees with this theory. Greer believes that these political ads enrich the democratic process, providing voters with relevant and substantial information before they head to the polls as they are toss battles for control of the government (2006). Greer points out that exaggeration in political ads not only apply to negative ads, but to positive election propaganda as well (2006).Many ads point out the positive aspects of a candidates race to become president such as President Reggaes advertisement of his tax cuts, however he failed to deferred payment the tax increase he previously signed into law. This ad and other similar political ads were not labeled as misleading (Greer, 2006). Americans tend to postulate that positive political ads are practical and truthful. Greer states that Bob Squire once said most lies in politics are told in positive ads (Greer, 006). This statement asserts that regardless of the content of the ad it is im assertable to truly assess whether or not the ad is misleading.Political attack ads have branched off from the television and people are now turning to the internet for their political news. The television trend is currently on a downward spiral. According to research by the church bench Internet & American Life Project the number of Americans going to the internet for their presidential election campaign news has increased by 23% since 2004 while those relying on television dropped by 4% (Pew, 2008). The most popular internet resources are blobs, comedy sites, government websites, candidate sites or alternative sites (Chirurgic, Coleman, & Blubber, 2009).Audiences are increasingly becoming active participants in public communication, as senders as well as addressees of mass-circulating messages (Chirurgic, Coleman, & Blubber, 2009). Through the internet medium American audience members can interject and participate in political discourse with a gradation of value that was impossible even twenty years ago. Political advert isement, whether positive or negative, will always mom with a degree of fabrication that misleads one American or another.Political ads set the stage for campaigning and are what gets Americans involved in democracy whether it is a commercial you watched on Television or a Youth video. Americans have been able to gain a sense of involvement that was not possible offended by political attack ads, Greer believes that positive political ads can be Just as misleading if not more. Regardless of the general consensus, political attack ads have gotten the public more involved in not only their local politics, but their national politics as well. References Greer, John G. 2006).

Religion and Various Team Members

What does the Bible say about caring for the sick? How do the roles of the various team members within the heal-hospital blueprint address caring for the sick from a biblical standpoint?The biblical passage supporting caring of the sick is Is anyone among you sick? Let him call for the elders of the Church, and let them pray over him, anointing him with cover in the name of the Lord. And the prayer of faith will save the sick, and the Lord will raise him up. And if he has committed sins, he will be forgiven. (James 514). This scripture states the antecedent of prayer and that God has the direct power to fully heal any illness that overcomes a body. It also centre that God has power over someone who is sick or for someone who is praying (elders of the Church), over a sick person, and the power to keep praying until the person is healed. This bible verse also means that if a person is a follower of the Lord they will be relieved of their sickness and their sins will be forgiven. Th e roles of various team members in the healing hospital addresses caring for the sick without bias on diversity and individualism. The biblical standpoint is by doing spiritual assessments and interventions for all religions , beliefs , faiths, and allowing the spiritual leader such as a chaplain to perform prayer or practices that allows components of healing.

What Role Should Religion Play in Government Policies?

Political Science 1020E Professor Nigmendra Narain Term 1 Essay What role should righteousness play in regime policies? By Nivedita Sen Student Number 250589199 Section LEC 575 In todays world, piety plays a profound part in many populations lives and they find it important to firmly follow the guiding principles of a religion. Religion has been around for many years and although different people have their own definition of what it may be, religion is essentially a personal doctrine strategy. An individuals belief system is the set of principles by which the individual lives his/her daily life and which direct his/her thoughts and actions.One question that arises in todays order of magnitude is What role should religion play in government policies? This essay argues that religion should play no role in government policies be set well-nigh it would push democracy of the landed estate, play laws on the basis of apparitional grounds and cause oppression of nonage religion s. In this essay, I first put forward 3 arguments on why religion should play no part in government policies and support these arguments with a range of scholarly articles. Next, I present two counter arguments followed by a rebuttal for each.This is followed by my conclusion, which re-states why religion should play no role in government policies. Religion is a significant factor in determining the quality of a democratic system (Braithewaite 2). liberty of religion, or generally freedom of ethics, means that one does not need to agree with or acknowledge a religion or belief if it is against his or her wish. Furthermore, one should not be penalized if he or she wishes to follow one religion over the different or no religion at all. In a democratic system, a persons religious faith is an extremely personal subject.Everybody should have the right to follow any religion they desire as long as their religious beliefs argon not imposed on others. The social impact of a religion great ly depends on whether it is supported by the mass or the minority of the population. A religion supported by the bulk has a significant effect on government and on social principles. This majority religion dominates and impacts the government considerably by either controlling the government. In order for a democracy to function, there needs to be nail separation of religion from government.Addressing the connection between religion and democracy John Adams questioned, Can a free government possibly exist with religion (qtd. in Braithewaite 2). Similarly, James Madison asked, What influence in fact have ecclesiastical establishments had on civil society? In some instances they have been seen to erect a spiritual tyranny on the ruins of civil societyin no instances have they been seen the guardians of the liberties of the people (qtd. in Braithewaite 2). If religion plays a part in influencing government policies, there will one majority religion achieving control over the governm ent.This will result in religiously inspired policies dominating the social ratio and citizen equality being affected. According to Braithwaite, this happens because the size of the majority religious group can influence the society and create individual preferences (Braithewaite 4). This causes the establishment of particular norms and rules about conduct of behaviour on the basis of the preferences of the majority religious group. These norms discriminate against people who do not agree with the beliefs of the majority group (Braithwaite 4).As a result, the democratic system is affected with the minority groups losing trust in the government as they see the majority groups religious beliefs improperly influencing the state. moral philosophy are norms of behaviour that the society acknowledges. Religion sets rules and customs for its followers. These religious rules influence the legislative system. If religion plays a role in government policies, it would also influence laws. Fo r example, religious beliefs and moral philosophy influence abortion laws in many parts of the world.It is still looked upon as morally wrong on the basis of religious ideas to suffer an abortion procedure. Phillip Montague points that legal and political debate and decision making should be governed by standard criteria for assessing reasons and reasoning, and when religious considerations fail to satisfy such criteria, they should not be allowed to influence matters of law and public policy (Montague 17). He further states that these matters consist of abortion, capital punishment, and euthanasia along with numerous subjects of social justice such as welfare policies.Montague claims that in comparison with secular reasons, religious reasons fail by a wide margin to deal adequately with the complexity of such issues (Montague 17). For instance, a person who argues that homosexuality is morally wrong for the reason that it opposes the divine law would be referring to religious gro unds to support his argument and not secular. Individuals should not be arguing for restrictive laws or policies if they do not have secular grounds to support them.They should lone(prenominal) put across views that are based on secular reasons (Rosenblum 23). The results from Braithewaite and Bramsens study which examined the effects of SRAS on democracy showed that when the laws in a state are extremely sectarian and not secular in nature, the state is belike to be less democratic (Braithewaite and Bramsen 244). When religion is mixed with state, the outcome is societal norms created on the basis of religious beliefs of the majority religion and laws that are in some way influenced by it. As Nancy N.Rosenblum points, partisan faith may forbid certain practices such as consumption of alcohol, abortion, setting up some foreign policy goals et cetera on the basis of religious reasons. (Rosenblum 21). These norms of behaviour and religiously influenced laws are also imposed upon cit izens who do not adhere to the majority religion and take away their freedom of faith. Some minority groups have experienced disadvantages inflicted by the state when they were not exempted from laws that called for conduct which did not agree with their beliefs, or which inflicted additional costs on them for observing their beliefs.They argue that enforcing such laws causes them to be penalized on the basis of their religion and prohibit them from fair membership in the society (Smithey 89). Therefore religion should be kept separate from the state or government. Another issue arising from the interference of religion in government policies is that religious minority groups may face oppression from the religious majority groups, resulting in tension between the two groups. As stated in the Canadian Charter, policies that privilege the religious beliefs of some and not those of others pose equality problems ecause of the potential for creating in-groups and out-groups on the basis of religion (Smithey 88). This may lead to things such rebellion by minority groups, conflicts and violence. Arabs mark a minority group in Israel and one cause for Israel banning Kach (religious party in Israel), whose policy was forcing the transfer of Arabs from Israel, was creating social violence. Arabs were described by Meier Kahane as cancer in the midst of us Let me become defense minister for two months and you will not have a single roach around hereI promise you a clean Eretz Yisrael (Rosenblum 39). A study conducted by Jonathan Fox describes separation of religion and state (SRAS) as no government support for religion and no government intervention in the religious observations of the religions in a state, whether they be a minority religion or a majority religion (Fox 3). The results from Braithewaite and Bramsens study which examined the effects of SRAS on democracy showed that a state that gives preference a particular religion is likely to be less democratic (Brait hewaite and Bramsen 244).It also indicated that creating a state religion and putting constraints on religious minorities also decreases democracy in a state (Braithewaite and Bramsen 244). If the level of democracy in a state is less, it would automatically lead to conflicts between religious groups, with the minority getting oppressed by the majority because of their long population. Religious tyranny may result in the minority groups expressing their frustration by rebelling and means of violence. Therefore, religion should not play any part in government policies.Many people may argue that religion should play a part in government policies and church and state should not be separated because any organised religion is comprised of a code of conduct or a set of acceptable principles to live by forms the moral al-Qaida of a society and helps to guide people. However, every religion has a different code of conduct. What may be acceptable by one religion dexterityiness not be acc eptable by another religion. If the state decides to follow the principles and morals of the majority religion, the minorities will not accept it.This will cause clashes of beliefs and conflicts among religions, pencil lead to a decrease in the level of democracy in the state. Also, there might be people who believe that they should follow their own set of morals and not be over shadowed by an organised religion. According to Ates Altinordus study of Turkish Islam in the post 1970 time period, flops leading social and political groups recognized Islamic activities as a threat to their identities and happiness (Altinordu 521).Olivier Roy firmly states that under such attitudes, Muslim activists possibly might face circumstances similar to that faced by a religious minority in spite of living in a society where the majority religion was Islam (qtd. In Altinordu 521) People might also argue that if religion plays a part in government policies, it will bring about join of all the pe ople in the state under one religion. However, this will again bring about inequality among the different religions within the state as the majority religion will dominate other religions.The minority will not have a say as they will be overshadowed by the majority. Government cannot mandate a religion over its citizens. For example, a Turkish womans application against banning of the Islamic headscarf was rejected by the European Court of humans Rights (Somer 13). A person has should have the freedom to practice his/her religion and wear a headscarf. Therefore, religion should be kept away from government and should playa absolutely no role whatsoever in government policies.This essay addressed the question What role should religion play in government policies? It argued that religion should play no role in government policies. It proved this by showing that if religion played a part in government policies, it would affect the democracy of the state, influence laws on the basis o f religious grounds and cause oppression of minority religions. It is evident from this essay that mixing religion with government policies only causes conflicts.A persons religion should strictly be a personal matter and should not be inflict or forced upon other people. More research should be done and surveys should be conducted throughout different counties with different cultural backgrounds to see how interference of religion in government policies adversely affects the democracy of the country and its citizens. Ideally, all countries would be secular. Although complete secularism is difficult to achieve, the separation of church and state will bring about some form of secularism.This situation would be beneficial to all the citizens and no one will face injustice. Works Cited Alt? nordu, Ates. The Politicization of Religion Political Catholicism and Political Islam in comparative degree Perspective. regime Society 38. 4 (2010) 517-51. Web. Brathwaite, R. , and A. Bramsen. Reconceptualizing Church and State A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Separation of Religion and State on Democracy. Politics and Religion 1. 1 (2011) 1-35. Web. Brathwaite, Robert. Measuring Church and State Religion, Culture, and the Impact on Democracy. SSRN eLibrary (2010)Web. Fox, Jonathan. World Separation of Religion and State into the 21st Century. Comparative Political Studies 39. 5 (2006) 537-69. Web. Montague, Phillip. Religious Reasons and Political Debate. Social Theory and Practice 30. 3 (2004 2004) 327-349. Web. Rosenblum, Nancy L. Banning Parties Religious and Ethnic Partisanship in Multicultural Democracies. Law & Ethics of Human Rights 1. 1 (2007) 3-61. Web. Rosenblum, Nancy L. Religious Parties, Religious Political Identity, and the Cold Shoulder of Liberal Democratic Thought. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 6. 1 (2003) 23-53. Web. Smithey, Shannon Ishiyama. Religious Freedom and Equality Concerns Under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue Canadienne de Science Politique 34. 1 (2001) 85-107. Web. Somer, Murat. Moderate Islam and Secularist Opposition in Turkey Implications for the World,Muslims and Secular Democracy. Third World Quarterly 28. 7 (2007) pp. 1271-1289. Web.

Health and Safety Project Essay

This work-based project forms an important part of your training. The aim of this project is to familiarise yourself with your working environment and the Health and prophylactic issues that arise in your placement.On completion you shouldUnderstand the structure your organisations and your role in it Understand the importance of Health and Safety at workUnderstand the legal requirements of Health and Safety at work Know your organizations health, hygiene and accident proceduresTo complete this assignment you whitethorn need to make n hotshots in before filling in the information. Take your time and cargonfully answer either question as fully as possible the more you write the more criteria you will meet. If you need both avail please speak to your workplace supervisor, your colleagues, your College tutor or your Training Co-ordinator. draw in your placement, e.g. busy town/country, client group (age, culture, special needs)The pose that oaklands is situated on was once the si te of the old Parcroft Juniors School, which was torn down and rebuilt with the conjugation of the Westfield Infants. The newly reformed develop was named after the old oak tree, which still stands on the grounds of the train and has done for 300 historic period. So it was tho fitting that the cultivate was named Oaklands, and when you talk to past pupils who att ended Parcroft, they ceaselessly fondly re sh atomic number 18 playing marbles or chase under the oak trees branches.Oaklands Primary School is based in spite of appearance the busy town of Yeovil and is situated amidst Preston Grove, Linden Road and Summerleaze Park. It is a modern High Tec school with all the modern facilities you would expect. The school was built on one take aim giving easy access to all able corporate andunable bodied pupils alike to attend the school. The building is quiet self efficient and generates its own electric with solar panels, has under floor h eliminateing to heat the school thr ough come forth and even the lights run on sensors to turn on and off when you immortalize and exit a means. Each differentiateroom is fitted with large touch screen boards, which the t for distributively oneers ignore run from their laptops giving them a huge range of access to a wide range of teaching resources, enhancing the pupils micklevassing to the up most and keeping them synergistic with their learning.Roughly 420 pupils attend the school, ranging from the ages of 4 years up to 11 years old. The school uniform is a purple jumper with the school emblem of an Oak Tree, white sweatshirts, grey trousers or skirts and black shoes. Each of the 14 classes at heart the school has been named after an animal, giving each class its own identity, including a mascot. on that point is likewise four police squads throughout the school, which is used within each classroom and the children are encourage to win team points for their team so that at the end of the school year the ir team can win the team cup. This helps with the pupils taking pride in their achievements and to try hard to earn a point.There are m whatsoever facilities within the school and on the surrounding grounds of the school, these include The I.C.T suite where the children learn how to use computers, from word processing to using the internet safely. The school hall which is used for weekly assemblies, indoor sports activities, and even the Christmas nativity plays. The music room which is full of many different musical instruments, letting the pupils express themselves and learn about music. The fully equipped cookery room were the pupils learn about healthy eating and different foods from near the world. This is also where the breakfast club is held every morning.Then there is Forest school which is held in a purpose built log cabin surrounded by trees and a wildlife garden. This is where pupils go for environmental studies, to learn about insects, broadcastts, animals and the envir onment. The Outdoor facilities include several out attitude learning areas that are used throughout the day depending on weather. There are also extensive fields, several play areas and deuce activity play areas. Oaklands Primary also offers a large range of activities and clubs after school, which range from executing arts, music, sports, computer clubs and gardening clubs. There is also a holiday awescheme which offers families affordable, childcare. inwardly Oaklands there is also an Autism Base which is known as Peacocks Class. This based within its own sector of the schools main building and is solely run by the council and has its own staff. The base consists of two teaching areas, two sensory rooms, a kitchen, a cloaca and its own outside area.Non-Statutory requirements (in your workplace)What is the balance of fully growns to children?In Foundation and Key Stage One the proportionality of adults to children is 1 to 10In Key Stage Two the ratio of adults to children is 1 to 15Are the ratios different in any other room at work if yes please give details?Yes in the Autism base the ratio of adult to children is different.Statutory requirementsWhat are the statutory requirements regarding adult child ratios?The EYFS states that the adult to child ratio within classes with children everyplace the age of three should be 1 Adult to 13 baby birdren. But mustiness be a drug-addicted teacher, or hold a relevant level 6 qualification. It also states that there should also be at least one other member of staff within the classroom that holds a level 3 qualification. as yet if the teacher is absent from the classroom and so the ratio requirements change and it is recommended that it should be 1 Adult to 8 Children. But must hold a level qualification and the other staff within the classroom should hold a level 2 qualification.On school trips the ratios change again dependent on the type of trip. Also these can change when dependant on certain chance and other factors, which could Include if any of the pupils have special educational needs or medical needs. It can also be altered depending on the grow and competence of the staff attending the trip, including the number of first aiders going along.It is recommended that the ratios should follow 16 for years 1 to 3, 110 for years 4 to 6, and 1 15 / 20 for years 7 upwards.Why are these necessary?To make sure that the children are being educated and taken care of correctly and are under the supervision of qualified staff members.What are the statutory requirements regarding space?Class sizes Schools must make sure that children aged between 5 years and 7 years arent taught in classes of more than 30 pupils. There is no legal limit for pupils aged 8 years and over.Why is this necessary?So that schools do not have oversized classes, as then the children do not get the attention they need to learn. arranging and Structure of the WorkplaceEvery organisation or business has its own basic s tructure of management. Each manager is creditworthy for those in their department. The structure can be set out like a pyramid. Responsibilities may differ.Please identify all staff roles and responsibilities highlighting your ownGovernorsThey school governors are responsible for working with the school to ensure that it delivers a good quality education.Head TeacherHas overall responsibility for the school, its staff, its pupils and the education they receive.Deputy Head TeacherPlays a major role in managing the school, particularly in the absence of the head teacher. Is also responsible for a curriculum area and specific areas of the school management, delegated to them by the Head Teacher.Inclusion LeaderThe special educational needs coordinator is responsible for day to day provisions for pupils with special educational needs.NQT MentorThey are responsible for the Newly Qualified Teachers, and are there to give support and guidance when needed.Foundation Stage LeaderResponsib le for children in introduction stage, leading the foundation team of teachers and teaching assistants.KS1 LeaderTo manage Key Stage 1 team of teachers and teaching assistants.KS2 LeaderTo manage Key Stage 2 team of teachers and teaching assistants.Phase LeadersResponsible for co-ordinating and motivating staff and children in their allocated phase to ensure high levels of achievement.TeachersAre responsible to plan, drum and lessons to meet the needs of all their pupils in their care. Setting and marking work and recording pupils development as necessary. But also within Oaklands each teacher is responsible for an area of the curriculum, such as A curriculum coordinator for Numeracy, which makes them responsible for the leadership and management of the subject.Teaching AssistantsTo assist the classroom teacher to prepare for lessons such as resources that are required, or to put out equipment at the stick of the lesson. To support the teacher in the day to day running of the cla ssroom from up keeping data files, cataloguing resources, maintaining inventories, and photocopying. Undertaking learning activities with a small group of children, who may need extra support.Lunchtime SupervisorsThey look after the children during lunch period breaks, so that most of the staff members are able to take their breaks. They take the children who have school dinners to the schools canteen, they also look after the pupils who bring pack lunch. Within one of their classroom or outside weather permitting. They are also first aid trained and look after the children whilst playing outside.Administration plyThere is a wide range of job roles within this department of the school, ranging fromFirst point of contact for the school either by telephone, email or face to face. Diary management for the Head teacher or departmental leaders Issue visitor passes where necessary and maintain signing in and out books Maintain data bases and filing systemsPrepare correspondence and coll ect feesTo contact parent/guardians for specific reasons when requested by staff and to request for collection of inauspicious children on behalf of the staff.And many more jobs besidesSite StaffMaintain the school, deal with cleaning, maintenance of equipment and the school building.Catering StaffCater for the pupils and staff that eat within the canteen, with healthy food within their budget.VolunteersHelping within the school, with assisting the classroom teacher with tasks such as listening to pupils read, taking part on school trips and helping out at school fairs.List the things you have agreed with your employer that you are prohibited from doingEntering the Autism base,Administering first aid to a pupil this must be done by a qualified first aider.What breaks are you entitled to?When working a full day within the school from 8.45am to 3pm I am entitled to an hour for lunch.Though on occasions I may be required to cover a lunchtime supervisor duty, which then I will be allo cated an hour within the afternoon.This is the same for break times, we are entitled to take the break ourselves or we may be asked to supervise.If you are unhappy with a health & safety issues what would you do?I would have to report this to the site service manager or to the deputy head teacherRisk AssessmentsHas your placement got a risk assessment policy?Yes Every school and workplace must have a risk assessment policy.Where is it unploughed?Within the Administration OfficeWho has access to it?The HSE, The Governors, The Head Teacher, staff members and parentsHow often are they reviewed and why is this necessary?It is reviewed on a yearly basis unless any changes have to be implemented within the school. Then the risk assessment will be reviewed as a part of the process. Such as latterly the school has had rough staff members trained in manual lifting and so the risk assessment has to be updated for this new procedure within the school.Give an framework of a risk assessment you have done and why?When reading with the foundation children one to one they have a tendency to swing on their chair. This has risks of the chair flipping backwards and the child following which in turn could cause harm to themselves. So I have had to ask them to sit properly and not to swing on their chair.Identify and list below 4 possible risks/hazards that might occur within your work placement and state how you would prevent each one?, explain how they will be monitored and reviewed 1. Pupils trapping fingers in the internal fire doors.The fire doors are extremely concentrated to open to exit the classrooms or to enter the bathroom, especially for the less able bodied and the smaller children within foundation. These doors are on hinges and close back on themselves when opened. Are very heavy as they are designed to protect against fire.However I have witnessed children struggling with these doors. When trying to open these doors by themselves they tend to place one bridg e player on the door frame as they use the other hand to open the door. If they where to lose grip of the door it would swing back and the likely exhaust hood of trapping their fingers is a high risk. The less able bodies students struggle even more so and they normally have a buddy within their classroom to open these doors for them. Which in turn takes away their independence, and they normally have a fear of getting stuck in the toilet or in room as they are unable to open these doors by themselves.I would look into adapting the doors by placing an electronic button system. Where the smaller children and the less able bodied children will be able to press a button and the door will automatically open for them. As it is impossible to loosen the hinges on the door as they will no longer work as intended. If this is not possible when a child needs to exit a room then an adult should always be present to assist. Preventing any accidents from happening, or a fear of getting stuck.2. promiscuous over chair leg in classroomWhen children are move around the classroom it is often an possibility that they could trip over a chair leg. Either from the chair not being placed under a table properly or whilst some other child is swinging on their chair. This could be very hazardous as they could fall and hit a side of a table or land badly on the ground.Add no swinging on your chair and to tuck away chairs properly when not being used onto the classroom rules. I would remind any of the children I see not tucking their chair away to do so, and at the end of class make a check that all chairs are tucked away correctly. I would also do the same with children swinging on their chair I would ask them not to, and remind them of the class room rules.3. Slipping on wet floors in the toiletsBefore break times and lunch times the children are all asked to go to the toilets and wash their hold. The children have a tendency to drip a large amount of water across the floor when w alking over to the hand dryer. Which when you have approximately 30 children at once using the toilets the water can accumulate into a puddle of water, which becomes a slipping hazard.Allowing moreover ten children to use the toilets at a time to wash their hands. So that a teaching assistant could maintain the floor with a mop preventing puddles forming, then let the next ten children in once the teaching assistant has vacated. Another option could be before allowing the childrenout of the class to use the toilet the teacher could remind them to shake the excess water off their hands over the sink before drying their hands. However the procedure they have set in the foundation classes works well where they set up two washing up bowls set within the classroom on tables. The children wash their hands under adult supervision and then dry their hands on towels. Makes it less children rushing through the toilets just to wash their hands.4. Getting caught up and Tripping over Play bibsW ithin foundation the children are allowed out to play within the soft play area during lessons, but only in a group of five. To keep the group to only five children at a time there are five play bibs supplied which they have to wear whilst outside. However when a child wants to come back inside they have to take off the play bib, which then leaves a bib spare for another child to go out.It works in principle, and keeps the group to only five children at a time. However the children do not maintain putting the bibs back within the box after they are finished and they tend to just throw the play bibs down on the ground. This then becomes a tripping hazard and another child or member of staff could get their feet caught up within the bib and fall over, causing an injury.A box placed outside seems to be over looked by the children, so I would suggest placing a coat hook within the classroom, at their level by the door that they exit and enter to play outside. Then reaffirm that the play bibs must be hung up when not being used and remind the children when they drop the bib to hang it up or no play for them for the rest of the day.Offsite SafetyWhat risk assessments do you need to complete before going of site/ on an outing?Oaklands Primary employs an external Risk Assessment company, to carry out the risk assessments on behave of the school. They attend the site of the visit and make an assessment of the risks that may apply and forward the report back to the Head Teacher or Deputy Head Teacher.The report will be compiled of recommendations based on factors of the trip, and any control measures and contingencies that need to be set in place relating to the risks that could occur.From the report the school will then set in place the criteria based around the risks, such asThe age / competence / fitness / usual standard of behaviour of the pupils whatever special educational / medical needs of the pupilsAdult to Child ratiosThe competence / experience / qualificatio ns of the adultsModes of transport, journey routes and location of the visitThe correct attire that may need to be required depended on weather conditions and location of visit.Any emergency proceduresWhen there is a less able bodied pupil attending the trip, the leading teacher will take a visit to the site themselves to evaluate the location and the facilities. This is so they can make sure that no child will miss out. They also take a visit to plan activities accordingly and to talk to any personnel that may work within the location of the visit, and to set out a timetable of the activities.Are the adult child ratios different?Yes the ratios are different, and these depend on the location of the visit.What are your roles and responsibilities?I have done quite a few school trips, some have been to support my son during a school visit and have travelled either via the school mini bus or and in one instance myself and my son travelled by our own means of transport.When arriving at s chool we are given the activities schedule and what groups we will be in and the name of the children under our care. We check that all the children have brought everything they need, if not the school does try to provide anything that a child has forgotten or does not own, such a wellingtons, spare clothes etc. We run through the plan before leaving the classroom.On the mini bus I would support my son, during the journey and help the other two teaching assistants within the mini bus to keep the rest of the children entertained. We normally share out books, maths tasks or we will start some singing. Once we have arrived at the location I am put in charge of a small group of 4 to 5 children which includes my son and I follow one of the leading teachers during the activities.The last school trip to kingcombe meadows we went hunting within the meadows for wild flowers with a check list, we also caught tease aparts within nets and did some fishing in the river. I had a small group of 5 children under my care and I helped them with their activities, encouraging them to figure out what bug the found or flower.I have also helped with a foundation school outing, this was up to the post box outside of the school gate and up the road to post their letters home, as part of their Post Office activities in class. I handed out high-viz vests to every child before we left field and was put in charge of three children as we walked in a line up and back to the post box.

Corporate Sponship in Event

Thanks to increases in leisure time and discretionary spending nowadays, community groups as well as individuals ar fit enthusiastic in effects according to their interests. Events have occupy our newfangledspapers and television screens as well as much of our free time and enrich our lives (Bowdin et al. , 2011). Moreover, events have a substantial contri andion to the national economy. In UK, the event industry generates over ? 36 billion every year, which sustain at least 530,000 full-time jobs (Bladen et al. 2012). down the stairs the trend, the origin sector has take events and events shop atship into consideration when making their tradeing strategies. Globally, expenditure on event sponsorship has been escalating each year from USD 44 billion in 2009 to an estimated USD 51. 1 billion in 2012 (IEG, 2013). The overall sponsorship spending in the UK each year is around ? 934 million, made up of sports (51%), arts and business (18%), broadcasting (20%) and opposites (10% ) (Mermiri and South, 2009).Before analyzing the dealinghip betwixt sponsorship and event, the two concepts should be clarified first. An event can be defined as an orchestrated occasion such as meeting, convention, exhibition, special event, gala dinner, and so on an event is often composed of several different related functions (Getz, 2005, p. 16). According to transnational Events Group (IEG, 1995), sponsorship is a cash and/or in-kind fee paid to a property in return for access to the exploitable commercial authorisation associated with the property.In this essay, the mountain chain of the event industry and main types of sponsorship will be introduced at first. Then, the grandness of bodied sponsorship in the event industry will be examined by considering the benefits to both sponsors and events. Next, the essay will critically analyze the risks of corporate sponsorship and discuss other sources of event financing. Finally, the conclusion can be drawn as corporate spon sorship plays a portentous role in the event industry but potential risks such as ambush tradeing should not be ignored.In addition, other sources of funding ar essential to advantagees of events. The event industry has a large scope here, only some key comp starnts will be presented. Event organisations, staging or hosting events, are core element of the event industry. Besides, professional groups or individuals who organize events on behalf of their clients are called event management companies are emerging with the event industry. There are excessively various suppliers covering staging, lighting , transport, accommodation and hostage of the event industry.External regulatory bodies and publications have tight relations with the event industry as well (Bowdin et al. , 2011). As for types of sponsorship, cash is the most common source provided by sponsors to support the event (Wagen & Carlos, 2006). Sponsors can also spree value in kind by providing free goods and services to events (Wagen, 2007). Other sponsorship may cover the media coverage, IT support, pleasure speaker sessions and etc.From the sponsors perspective, sponsors have objectives that fit into one or more(prenominal) of these areas to increase product or brand awareness, to develop corporate image, to feat sales, or to develop trade strategy (Yeoman et al. , 2004). To begin with, sponsors can gain benefits from marketing area done sponsoring the event industry. Sponsorship is acting as a more rough-and-ready way of market promoting, sales driving and reaching the target market (Bowdin et al. , 2011).Among various traditional marketing promotion methods such as advertizing or personal selling, sponsorship is argued to be one of the most effective means of communicate and form relationships with consumers and business partners (Grey and Skildum-Reid, 2003). Siegel (2001) investigated the sponsorship of tobacco industry and found that despite a federal ban on tobacco advertising on television, tobacco companies achieve the equivalent of more than $150million in television advertising per year finished their sponsorship of televised motor sports events.From 1997 through 1999, tobacco companies achieved 169 hours of television advertising exposure and $410. 5 million of advertising value for their products by sponsoring motor sports events. In addition, events provide sponsors with an surroundings where consumers are relax and better accept marketing message therefore, sponsorship is key driver of product sales (Bowdin et al. , 2011). There are two main ship canal for companies with products achieve high sales goals including an exclusive in- bet on presence at sporting events or exclusive rights in their product ategory at a festival. For instance, Tiger Beer sponsors the tartan Asian Extreme Festival and distributes samples of their beer to attendants as part of an integrated marketing campaign which also included the launch of The Tigers awards to celebrat e Asian films in the UK (Anon, 2005c). The Stongbow Rooms, an online game company, launched the Scottish Courage Strongbow Rooms concept resulted in an estimated increase in 12% monthly sales gain (Scottish Courage, 2005). The sponsorship of the event industry is an emerging new channel of sales driving for sponsors.Moreover, events also help sponsors get access to specific niche/target markets. For example, O2 sponsored music concerts to appeal to a youth market and establish itself as the biggest mobile network in the youth market (Carter, 2004). Saudia Private Aviation (SPA), an affiliate of Saudi Arabian Airlines, has renewed its sponsorship of the 6th edition of EXCS International Luxury Motor Show. The company believed that the event offer a platform for them to reach prominent people and the high-class segment of the community, who SPA targets through its marketing programs. (AMEinfo, 2012).Next, brand awareness and brand image of sponsors can also be constraind and develop ed through sponsorship, especially for companies expanding into new international markets (Noordin et al. , 2011 Bowdin et al. , 2011 Yeoman et al. , 2004 Aaker and Joachimsthaler, 2000 Cornwell et al. , 2001). Perceptions of a brand are increasingly linked to consumers experience with the brand. Thus, in brand strategy, delivering a comprehensive brand experience is becoming paramount, whereby marketing and external communication theory help build the brand, but nothing is more powerful than the clients actual experience (Berry, 2000, p. 36). The case of Vodafone entering New Zealand mobile telecommunications market is a suitable example to illustrate the effectiveness of brand awareness and image building in the new markets through sponsorship. The initial step of Vodafone scenery into the New Zealand mobile telecommunications market was in 1998, and it had dominated 45% of the market until 2003. Sponsorship was an integral component of Vodafones brand strategy. Vodafone sponsor ed Rugby, New Zealands national mass-audience sports, in order to quickly and effectively reated brand awareness among target groups when entering the new market. Then Vodafone use sponsorship as a platform to let customer experience products and develop emotional connections. Thus, it not only create broad awareness alone but also build brand personality among consumers and create links to popular youth culture, facilitating much closer bonds between customer and the brand (Cliffe & Motion, 2005). Besides obvious financial benefits, sponsorship allow sponsors to build up corporate images Bowdin et al. , 2011. Corporate image and brand image are two different concepts.Corporate image may or may not be related with its products or services and usually be associated with corporate social responsibility (CSR) (Godfrey, 2006). Usually, companies support charity events to create goodwill in the community. For example, NPower became headline sponsor for Macmillan Cancer backup man Worlds Biggest Coffee Morning improve to its brand perception (Anon, 2004). Wu (2002) added that companies such as petroleum, tobacco and weapon industries whose image need some polishing were likely to offer sponsorships to arts, culture and charity events to leave good views to the public.Furthermore, sponsorships are also used as incentives for a companys workforce and create better employee relations IEG (2008). Companies often perceive event sponsorship as a way to offer their employees access to the events or corporate rewards to motivate them. For example, Royal Bank of Scotlands and Edinburgh International Festival secured New Partnership funding from Arts Business which enabled the banks staff to take part in Royal Bank winding Up and Try It workshops.By involving staff in the arts sponsorship, the bank wanted to form more creative thinking, dealing effectively with customers or colleagues of their employees (Royal Bank of Scotland, 2003). The business involving staffs events aims to creating more intensive inter-staff relationships and loyalty to companies as well as staff moral and the like (Godfrey, 2006). From the events perspective, the financial investment, in-kind support and media exposure are three main benefits that event organizers seek from sponsors (Watt, 1998).Watt (1998) argued that events could not be successful happen without adequate financial support. Financial investment is the most obvious and pack income for events. The 2004 Edinburgh International Festival received around ? 1. 73 million from sponsors and donator, accounting for 27% of the total income (Bowdin, 2006). Except for cash, in-kind support is brisk to event organizers as well. Crompton (1994) summarise four main types of in-kind services including product support, personnel support, communication resources and expertise and nonphysical benefit of institutional clout conferred on the event.According to the research done by Cultural Ministers Council (2002) on cultural sponsorship in Australia, in-kind support approximate 83% of organizations sponsorship commitment. Over 60% of respondents provide in-kind services covering legal and financial consultive services, IT support, auditing, marketing and management expertise and etc. (Richards Palmer, 2010). As for institution clout, if an event links to a sponsor with a strong, positive public image, then sponsorship may help legitimize the event and improve its public profile (Crompton, 1994).In addition, media exposure is also beneficial for events by not only promoting events to the public but also securing financial sponsorships easier (Crompton, 1994). In addition, media exposure is also beneficial for events by not only promoting events to the public but also securing financial sponsorships easier (Crompton, 1994). In 2000 Sydney Olympics, Nike, one of official sponsors, launched its pre-Olympic advertising campaign, which not only promote its own brand but also the Sydney Olympic Games (Trip odi and Hirons, 2009).In spited of all the benefits brought to both sponsors and event organizers, there are still a number of potential risks associated with implementation of sponsorship, which should be paid enough attention to (Wagen, 2007). For the sponsors, first and the foremost is the ambush marketing issue. McKelvey (1994) describes it as a companys intentional effort to weaken or ambush its competitors official sponsorship and seek to confuse the buying public as to which company really holds official sponsorship rights. mill around marketing reduces the effectiveness of the sponsors message as well as pose a threat to sponsorship agreements (Meenaghan, 1996). In the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the torchbearer was Li Ning, a former(prenominal) gymnast and now the chairman of Li Ning company, which easily made the greatest 2 or 3 minutes of free advertising for Li Ning company. Although Adidas was the official footwear sponsor other than Li Ning, 67. 4% respondents incor rectly recognized Li Ning as the official footwear sponsor (Pitt et al. , 2010). Moreover, the fit between a sponsor and an event is vital for the success of the sponsorship (Wagen & White, 2010).Not every company is the potential sponsor for every enent (Decker, 1991). Inappropriate sponsorships not only cannot achieve the desired outcomes of sponsors but also waste time and money or may even negatively influence their brand images. For example, Southland Corporation, the former owner of 4,000 7-Eleven convenience stores, sponsored cycling events. There was no obvious link between the stores and cycling so that the target audience did not get the marketing information of the company thus no significant increase in sales(Crompton, 1994).For the event organizers, it is well worth remembering sponsors are temporary and unstable for various reasons such as economic recession or government ban. For example, the government ban tobacco sponsorship in sport thus, event organizers will lose all sponsorship from tobacco companies immediately (Bowdin et al. , 2011). In addition, sponsors are a stakeholder that event organizers have to make additional efforts to satisfy their requirements (Crompton, 1994). Sometimes, sponsors can be more trouble than they are worth.Significant time can be spent in servicing sponsorship and sometimes this time would be useful to the event if it were devoted to other forms of support (Watt, 1998). Finally, the image of sponsors may also leave bad impression on audience due to unpredicted failure, which may result in jeopardize the event itself (Crompton, 1994 Walker et al. , 2011). Therefore, other types of funding are essential to success of events. Ticket sales are one of the major revenue generating strategies for the event organizer to adopt in the modern events market (Raj et al. 2009). In the 2012 London Olympics, the tag end sales was reached 587,294 million (London 2012 Organising Committee, 2012). Moreover, government grants are keen to provide support to events not only for financial reasons but also expert advice and information (Raj et al. , 2009). change merchandises, broadcasting rights, perceiving donations and other types of funding can also act as financial support for the event industry. In conclusion, corporate sponsorship is important in the event industry for both event organizers and sponsors receive benefit from it.On the one hand, event organizers gain finical support, in-kind services and media coverage from sponsor, which can secure the income of events. In addition, intangible benefits such as positive influence from sponsors brand images are also pointed out. On the other hand, sponsors invest on events in exchange of more effective marketing strategy for financial purposes, brand building, better corporate image and facilitating employee relation. However, some pitfalls associated with sponsorship for both sponsors and event organizers are also critically discussed.The ambush market and fit theory between sponsors and events are two main issues that sponsors should take into consideration before investing on events. The unstable feature and sponsors influence on events performances are critical to event organizers when seeking for corporate sponsorships. Last but not the least, other sources of funding such as ticketing and government grants are vital financial support for events. It can be conclude that corporate sponsorship is important in the event industry, but the drawbacks should not be neglected and other types of funding are also necessary.

Fashion Blogging †the Impact on Sales Essay

Thus, we prototypical investigate whether blogging activity leads to (differential) foodstuff outcomes. We then examine whether managerial dialogue (magazines publicize) and blogging atomic number 18 synergistic. We assemble a droll information set from fashion containing market place outcomes ( gross gross revenue), new media (blogs) and traditional media (magazines denote) for a brand of vestments, and a brand of shoes. apiece category has at least one product unveiling during the duration of our sample periods.We rig a simultaneous equation log-linear system for market outcomes and the vividness of blogs. Our terminuss suggest that blogs atomic number 18 predictive of market outcomes, new and traditional media act synergistic eachy, pre-launch magazines publicizing spurs blogging activity exclusively become less effective range-launch and that market outcomes feel some effect on blogging. We find detailed support for some of these findings via a unique and ne wfangled text mining analysis. We discuss the managerial implications of our findings.I-Introduction Consumer generated media (CGM) much(prenominal) as blogs (a contraction of the term Web logs) have witnessed explosive growth in the last few years. For example, the image of blogs worldwide is estimated to be 184 megs with a readership of 346 million ( adjoin 2010). In contrast, in March 2003, the number of blogs was essentially zero. Other types of CGM have also seen similar growth patterns, e. g. , Facebook, which started in February 2004, now has s let downly 400 million members worldwide (February 2011).There ar also indications that blogs are now being seen as similar to mainstream media sites the number of blog sites in the top 100 well-nigh popular sites (blogs and mainstream media) worldwide was twenty- twain in 2008 and blogs were being viewed by consumers as sites for news, information, gossip etc. (2008). In 2010, four of the top go entertainment sites were blog s (March 2010). It is top from these statistics that there is considerable activity (multi- media posting, blogging, visits, traffic etc. ) on the part of consumers.However, an important question, from a managerial perspective, is whether this activity leads to (differential) business outcomes such as sales or profits. In addition, little is known about the relationship amidst traditional or old media (where the company creates fill and delivers it to consumers) and consumer generated, or new, media (where consumers create content and there in an exchange of this content between former(a) consumers and potentially, the company). That is, are there any synergies between new media and old media?In this query, we take the stolon step towards answering these questions. Blogging is perhaps the most established and largest form of consumer generated media at this point in time. The original worldwide viewership of blogs is estimated to be about 346 million (March 2010). Wikipedia de fines as a blog as a Web site, usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary, descriptions of events, or other material such as graphics or video. Entries are commonly displayed in reverse-chronological order. Blogging is a worldwide phenomenon with the cardinal biggest blogging markets being the United States and Japan. The number of blogs in the United States is about 23 million (about 12% of all US meshwork make use ofrs) and about 8 million in Japan (about 5% of all Japanese Internet users) in 2009. However, if one examines the total number of posts by language, Japanese language posts account for 37% of all posts worldwide followed closely by English language posts at 36%. Finally, readership of blogs in these cardinal markets is ery high about half of all Internet users in the US and about one-fifth of all Japanese Internet users have read a blog in the past year. While there are many informal opinions on the effectiveness of CGM in global (and b logs in particular) vis-a-vis market outcomes, there is limited empirical research that sheds light on this issue, especially for the launch of new products. The majority of the existing research has foc utilize on online chatter (newsgroup postings, reviews and ratings) and its effect on market outcomes. There is some evidence that volume of online user ratings is positively correlated to sales.Blogging, on the other hand, has been seen as a unique type of user generated content as being a highly personal, non-directed communication tool. As Kumar (2005) note, blogs are unique for sociological reasons they comprise a highly dynamic, temporal community structure that focuses heavily on local community interactions and for technical reasons blogs offer us a made view of evolution (of content) in continuous time. In addition, blogging activity was probably the most pervasive CGM activity on the web during the time of our data.Given these unique characteristics of blogs as opposed to reviews, it is not obvious that bloggers activity should meet market outcomes. Surprisingly, there is very little research that has tried to quantify the effect of blogs on market outcomes, especially in the presence of traditional media and/or an examination of pre- and post-launch changes in the role of old and new media. Two recent empirical text file have focused on blogs and market outcomes. Dhar and Chang (2009) explore the relationship between music album sales (imputed via sales ranks on Amazon. om) and online chatter (as seen in blogs and on social networks). victimisation 108 music albums in early 2007 (before four workweeks and after four weeks of their release), they find a positive correlation between both the number of blogs and Myspace member intensity with future music sales. Gruhl (2005) propose a new methodology to automatically generate a query of blog keywords to detect spikes in Amazon. coms book sales rank. They conclude that their new algorithm could a dequately predict the changes and spikes of future sales ranks.Thus, while these two studies suggest that there may be a correlation between blogging activity and market outcomes, they do not use actual sales data but only sales ranks from Amazon. com. To the best of our knowledge, the siemens issue that we outline above the positive relationship between traditional media and new media has not been investigated in the literature. Our expectation is that there allow for be a positive correlation between the quantity of traditional media and new media as traditional media is likely to provide discussion materials for bloggers.From a managerial perspective this issue is crucial, as managers have no direct control over CGM (blogs in our case). However, if there is indeed a synergistic relationship between traditional media, which are under managerial control, and new media, which are outside managerial control, then managers can leverage this relationship. Specifically, they can ca rry out break out resource allocation and media planning (to traditional media) as they can take the spillover effect (from traditional to new media) into consideration.We examine the role of new media with respect to market outcomes as well as the relationship between new media and traditional media using data of two different clothing and shoes brand that are both promoted in fashion blogs. We consider the number of units exchange, customers or subscribers (all a proxy for demand) as market outcomes, blogs as representations of consumer generated media and magazines advertising as traditional media. We specify a simultaneous equation get that links sales to advertising and blogs as well as a model that links blogs to advertising.Our results, after despotic for many temporal and cross-sectional factors, suggest that first, the volume of Blogstock (cumulative sum of past blog posts) is positively correlated with market outcomes (volume of clothing sold, and the volume of shoes s old) post launch. Second, the interaction between blogs and magazines advertising has a positive effect on market outcomes. Third, we also find that traditional media (magazines advertising) positively affects new media (the volume of blogs) pre launch. In other words, bloggers consume advertising, independent of the product, and this ncreases their blogging activity. Finally, we find that the effect of blogs varies between pre and post launch. In general, the positive relationship between magazines advertising and the volume of blogs pre-launch becomes weaker after launch. This result suggests that while magazines advertising can independently increase blogging pre-launch via the provision of information and content, post-launch (i. e. , once the product is available), consumers may rely less on traditional media, leaders to a much weaker relationship between new and old media at that point.These last three sets of results shed light on the possibility that, broadly speaking, adve rtising and blogs act synergistically (with the relationship changing somewhat post-launch). The process explanations for our findings is not obvious. We take the first step in eliciting process explanations by carrying out a tonic text mining analysis of the blog posts for the two markets (shoes and clothing) for which we have access to the textual content data. The findings from the text mining analysis suggest that blogs may affect market outcomes as they represent a rich source of product information and consumer opinion for other consumers.Also, bloggers do use advertising as a subject for blogging pre-launch but turn their attention to product attributes post-launch. II-Data Our data come from fashion market. We consider data from two brands clothing and shoes. We first describe the market outcome data for each product market and then we describe the measurement of traditional and new media. III-Market Outcomes The daily sales of clothings were made available for the total fa shion market based on a nationally representative consumer panel.The data include daily sales of two new pieces of clothing introduced in the period from January 2013 to March 2013. For shoes, the outcome variable we use is based on the same principle. We have data of two new models that were released (launched) in the period from January 2013 to March 2013. IV-Traditional Media The traditional marketing variable we use is magazines advertising. This was measured in units of daily or monthly Gross Rating Points (GRPs). There are some differences in the patterns of magazines advertising pre and post launch across the two brands.For clothing, most of the advertising is post launch. Typically, commercial ads in this market begin to air about quint days pre launch and then the heavier advertising kicks in post launch. In contrast, for shoes, pre-release magazines GRPs are larger (on average) than the post-release magazines GRPs. Specifically, peak advertising for shoes was, not surpri singly, a week before its launch date in order to generate high demand at the time of the opening. V-New Media We obtain blogging data from blog 1 (www. leblogdebetty. com) for clothing data and blog 2 (www. sorayabakhtiar. com) for the shoes data.Both the brands scan and index the two blogging sites on a daily basis using keywords with coverage of about 64% of all blog articles. They then aggregate the data and provide the count of the daily number of blogs that mention a particular keyword on a specific temporal period such as day or month (multiple mentions in the same temporal unit are counted as one). As is typical for most blogs, its circumscribe appear in a reversal chronological order and also include the bloggers profile, trackbacks (links showing other websites, typically other blogs, that a blog is linked to), and comments.Buzz Research archives the contents of all blog posts. It also carries out lexical analysis of the contents of each tracked blog by using a proprietar y text- mining method and classifies each blog as positive, contradict and/or sluggish with respect to a given keyword. We therefore have access to the actual content of all posts as well as the daily percentage of positive, negative and neutral blogs for the movies and cellular phone service markets. There is big increase in the average number of blogs per period post launch in all two brands.Interestingly, for the two brands markets where we have valence data, the biggest growth is in the percentage of neutral blogs post launch. To illustrate the relationship between marketing outcomes and both traditional and new media, we pick a product across our two brand markets. The figure suggests that magazines advertising, blog volume and shoes buyer are temporally correlated. Dividing the data temporally at the date of release we see that magazines GRPs and the number of blogs exhibit an increasing trend pre-release, but a decreasing one post-release.While we illustrate a typical data pattern through this example, the pattern is not identical for all brands across product markets. In conclusion, these data are novel in the sense that they combine marketing data for both traditional and new media along with market outcomes from a market where new media have proven to be important (at least in terms of activity). Our data are also novel in the sense that they enable us to focus on new product launches. In addition, the fact that we have data from two different brand markets (frequently purchased consumer goods) with varying characteristics (e. . , more versus fewer new product launches) ordain help us determine if the relationship between market outcomes and new media as well as the relationship between new media and traditional media generalizes across product markets. Finally, the availability of the actual blog post text (for two categories) opens up the possibility to conduct a deeper text-mining analysis. VI-Managerial Implications So far, we have discussed the findings purely from a statistical point of view. However, it may be useful to translate these findings in a manner that uantifies the effect sizes from a managerial point of view. We therefore ran two experiments the first to get a sense of how managers could change resource allocation and the second to see how managers could use blog data to improve sales forecasts. In the first experiment, we use the estimates from the clothing market data. To illustrate short-term effects, in the experiment, we assumed there were only three periods, two in the pre-release and one in the post-release. Recall that blogging is outside the control of managers.We therefore used the marketing official document under managerial control in our data set traditional magazines advertising. In the experiment, we increased the Adstock by one percent in the first pre-release period. The output we measured was the percentage increase in the size of the daily volume sold in the post-release period. A ten percent increase in the Adstock results in a 3. 3 percent increase in the number of blogs at the second pre-release period. As a result of this increase in the Adstock, we find that the net increase in the sales volume is 2. 1 percent.A decomposition of this boilersuit increase due to traditional media versus new media suggested that the increase in the Adstock directly enhances the sales by 0. 13 percent while the interaction between blogging and advertising increases the sales by 0. 1 percent. Furthermore, the largest and most significant increase in the sales volume at post-launch is led by the substantiating impact from advertising via blogging activity, which accounts for 1. 9 percent. Similar experiment for the other product markets also support these findings with the overall effect being slightly smaller for shoes (0. 4%). In addition to simulating the short-term effects of advertising, we use a simulation setting similar to the above experiments and expand the time horizo n from one period to ten periods. The largest indirect effect of the ten percent increase in Adstock decays slower than do the other two effects across two product categories. The peaks of the indirect effects are located at the third period for the clothing and at the second period for the shoes. These are resulted from the larger estimates of the carry-over constants ofAdstock and Blogstock at post-launch in the blog equations. In the second experiment, we hold out the last observation from each brand and re-estimated the model. We then use the model estimates for prediction and computed the difference in the predicted value and the actual data across all the held out observations. We do this for the full model and a restricted version of the full model where the rejoinder coefficients for the number of blogs and the cumulative number of blogs were set to zero.Thus, the difference in prediction (based on the Root Mean Square Deviation) between these two models shows the extent to which the use of blog data can improve sales forecasts. The improvement in RMSD is very high for shoes, and modest for clothing. VII-Conclusion, Limitations and Directions for Future Research This paper adds to the very limited, but rapidly growing field of research into the effectiveness of new media, especially in the case of new product launches.Using a unique dataset from two product markets (a major new media market), we are able to combine into a single source, data on market outcomes, traditional media (magazines advertising) and new media (volume and content of blogs). We used a simultaneous equation model to capture the effect of new media on market outcomes and the effect of market outcomes on new media. While this in itself is somewhat novel, we were also able to include the major marketing activity (mgazines advertising) in both equations, both directly and via interactions.Thus this allows us to investigate two open questions in this domain (a) whether new media (blog ging activity in our case) leads to (differential) market outcomes and (b) whether traditional marketing actions (i. e. , magazines advertising) and new media act synergistically. We also make a first attempt, to the best of our knowledge, to use the content of the blog posts to shed process light on our econometric findings via a careful and methodical text mining analysis.Using data from clothing, and shoes brands, we find that patterns across the two categories showing clear linkages between traditional media, new media and market outcomes. In general, we find that cumulative blogs (Blogstock) are predictive of market outcomes, blogs and magazines advertising act synergistically, pre-launch advertising spurs blogging activity (that is predictive of marketing activity) but becomes less effective in inducing blogging activity post- launch and market outcomes also do have some effect on blogging activity.Our text mining results provide additional support for some of these findings. From a managerial point of view, in the experiment using clothing estimation results, we find that a one percent increase in the traditional marketing instrument (magazines advertising) leads to a median increase in market outcomes of 0. 2%, with a majority of the increase coming from the increase in blogging activity generated by the advertising pre-launch.Our analyses do also have a few limitations (driven mostly by the nature of the data). First, as noted earlier, the aggregate nature of our data makes it very surd to offer micro-level causal explanations of the effectiveness of new media and the synergistic relationship between new and traditional media. While our text mining analyses shed some light on our findings, it would be very beneficial to obtain datasets that link individual activity to market outcomes for a larger variety of new media.Second, our measures of new media are at present limited to blog content volume and in two product markets, keywords and valence. ). Third, our model could be improved with the potential use of non-parametric models to model the effects of both old and new media and the associated interactions. Finally, our data do not contain information on all marketing instruments and hence we use proxies (such as lagged sales in the case of distribution). We hope that with better data, future research will be able to address these limitations.

What did it mean for a man in Ancient Greece to lead a good life Essay

In quaint Greece, leading a good life is rather more complex than it is in todays fraternity. It is evidence in Platos four dialogs in The Trial and goal of Socrates. Through the dialogues of Socrates we freighter learn that in Ancient Greece learning, religion, society in general, law and fosters played a major agency on a soulfulnesss way of living a good life. In the dialogues of The Trial and Death of Socrates, society condemned those such as Socrates for changing or questioning their way of life. A person in Ancient Greece moldiness be a pharisaical man who conforms to the laws and values of the society. We can learn how a man should lead a good life in Ancient Greece through the dialogues of Socrates in his trial.In order for a man to lead a good life, he must have a good education. In ancient Greek society it is stated that a man shouldnt look ab egress having kids if he doesnt plan on giving a good education to them (Plato 45). This signifies that education is the first thing in a mans life that will make him a good person. In the dialogues of Crito, we can see that music and gymnastics played a major role in education because Socratess father trained him in those fields (Plato 51). Education alike plays a major role in a mans life because it not only helps in this life but also the after life. According to Socrates, education and nurture are the only things that you can take with you to the underworld (Plato 106). Your knowledge and education will help you in your next life not your material wealth.Asides from having a good education, a man in Ancient Greece should value and ignore certain(prenominal) actions. As I have stated earlier a man should value education, but asides from that he must be a pious person. We can see in the dialogues between Euthyphro and Socrates that piety should be valued a lot. In other words a man should value his religion and the gods. both(prenominal) Socrates and Euthyphro come up with their meaning of piety . Being a pious person according to Socrates and Euthyphro is doing things that is dear to the gods and is consonant to them. Also making offerings to the gods and looking after them (Plato 6-13). Another thing that a man must value is reputation.We can see example of how Socrates maintains his reputation by refusing to flee capital of Greece because it would tarnish his family name. In the equivalent example Socrates shows us that Athenian Citizenship is valued a lot because he doesnt escape prison since it would mean his family would lose their citizenship (Plato 52-54). With the events that occurred to Socrates, it shows us that one should ignore questioning or changing the law or religion. The whole reason Socrates is being put to trial because he was charged with not recognizing the gods and inventing new deities and corrupting the youth (Plato 2,5).During the time of Socrates, religion and law should be respected and followed. In Ancient Greece, men who trammel a citizens hip of a city-state such as Athens must conform to all their laws and religion. Religion at that time was very important and valued. If anyone tried to change it or question it would be doomed to death. This what happened to Socrates because not only did he question the God but he was also corrupting the younger genesis according to the courts (Plato 2 and 4). For a man in Ancient Greece he should be a pious person. As I mention earlier one must submit to the gods and make offering to them. From Socratess point of view, a person should always question society. Socrates always questions people because he thin that by doing so he can make the society better. He wants to make people think critically (Plato 31). Also question society can lead to wisdom. In Socrates case, he question different government outside of their knowledge because they claim to know every thing and admits to not knowing everything (Plato 23). Asides from religion and society a man must conform to the laws of th e city-state.The laws of Athens for example shape the life a person living in it. The laws of Athens for example gave Socrates education, citizenship and the option for him to go in exile (Plato 50-52). Socrates signifies that he accepts the laws of Athens because he defends it and ultimately stays in Athens when he had the chance for exile (Plato 51-53). Since Socrates is a well-known(a) figure in his society we can accept that these are the norms of society. According to Socrates, a man should visual modality with death with ease. He views death as a gateway to join other souls. In his view, he will get to join should that died before such as Homer Ajax and gets to question them to find out who is the wisest (Plato 40). Socratesalso states that suicide is a bad action. The life and souls belongs to the Gods, by committing suicide you cant mobilize yourself to the Gods (Plato 59). Socrates suggests that the soul joins the Gods after death. He believes that you can get a better u nderstand of the world (Plato 69). In conclusion, for a man to lead a good life in Ancient Greece he must be pious, well educated, and follow the laws of the society. Since Socrates is viewed as a great philosopher today we can use his actions and views in the Trail and Death of Socrates as an example of how a person should lead his life in Ancient Greece. Through his understandings we learned that education plays a major part in the beginning of a mans life. And also the laws and religion must be adhered to for a man to lead a good life.